给定值的最小变化，使其位于所有给定范围内

给定一个长度为N的范围数组arr[]和一个数字D ，任务是找到数字 D 应该改变的最小量，使得 D 位于给定数组的每个范围内。这里的范围由两个整数[start, end]组成，如果start ≤ D ≤ end ，则称 D 在范围内。

例子：

Input: N = 3, D = 3 
arr[] = {{0, 7}, {2, 14}, {4, 6}} 
Output: 1 
Explanation: 
Here if we increment D by 1 then it will be inside of every range that is start ≤ D ≤ end.

Input: N = 2, D = 2 
arr[] = {{1, 2}, {3, 2}} 
Output: 0 
Explanation: 
Here D = 2 which is already inside of every range that is start ≤ D ≤ end. 
 

方法：

• 迭代范围数组并找到start[i]的最大值和end[i]的最小值，其中最终的max_start和min_end将显示给定范围数组的公共范围。
• 检查 D 是否已经在 max_start 和 min_end 计算中。
  1. 如果 D 已经在范围内，则最小差异为 0。
  2. 否则从 max_start 和 min_end 中找到最接近 D 的值，即

min(abs(D - max_start), abs(D - min_end))

下面是上述方法的代码：

C++

// C++ implementation find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
void findMinimumOperation(int n, int d,
                      int arrays[3][2]){
    int cnt = 0;
    int first = INT_MIN, end = INT_MAX;
 
    // Loop to find the common range out
    // of the given array of ranges.
    while (n--) {
         
        // Storing the start and end index
        int arr[2] = { arrays[cnt][0],
                        arrays[cnt][1] };
 
        // Sorting the range
        sort(arr, arr + 2);
 
        // Finding the maximum starting
        // value of common segment
        first = max(first, arr[0]);
 
        // Finding the minimum ending
        // value of common segment
        end = min(end, arr[1]);
        cnt++;
    }
 
    // If there is no common segment
    if (first > end)
        cout << "-1";
 
    else {
         
        // If the given number is between
        // the computed common range.
        if (d >= first && d <= end) {
            cout << "0";
        }
 
        // Finding the minimum distance
        else
            cout << min(abs(first - d),
                          abs(d - end));
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int n = 3, d = 3;
 
    // Given array of ranges
    int arrays[3][2] = {
        { 0, 7 },
        { 2, 14 },
        { 4, 6 }
    };
    findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays);
}

Java

// Java implementation find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
// Function to find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
static void findMinimumOperation(int n, int d,
                    int arrays[][]){
    int cnt = 0;
    int first = Integer.MIN_VALUE, end = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 
    // Loop to find the common range out
    // of the given array of ranges.
    while (n > 0) {
         
        // Storing the start and end index
        int arr[] = { arrays[cnt][0],
                        arrays[cnt][1] };
 
        // Sorting the range
        Arrays.sort(arr);
 
        // Finding the maximum starting
        // value of common segment
        first = Math.max(first, arr[0]);
 
        // Finding the minimum ending
        // value of common segment
        end = Math.min(end, arr[1]);
        cnt++;
        n--;
    }
 
    // If there is no common segment
    if (first > end)
        System.out.print("-1");
 
    else {
         
        // If the given number is between
        // the computed common range.
        if (d >= first && d <= end) {
            System.out.print("0");
        }
 
        // Finding the minimum distance
        else
            System.out.print(Math.min(Math.abs(first - d),
                        Math.abs(d - end)));
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main (String []args)
{
    int n = 3, d = 3;
 
    // Given array of ranges
    int arrays[][] = {
        { 0, 7 },
        { 2, 14 },
        { 4, 6 }
    };
    findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by chitranayal

Python3

# Python3 implementation find the minimum
# difference in the number D such that
# D is inside of every range
 
# Function to find the minimum
# difference in the number D such that
# D is inside of every range
def findMinimumOperation(n, d,arrays):
    cnt = 0
    first = -10**9
    end = 10**9
 
    # Loop to find the common range out
    # of the given array of ranges.
    while (n):
 
        # Storing the start and end index
        arr = [arrays[cnt][0],arrays[cnt][1]]
 
        # Sorting the range
        arr = sorted(arr)
 
        # Finding the maximum starting
        # value of common segment
        first = max(first, arr[0])
 
        # Finding the minimum ending
        # value of common segment
        end = min(end, arr[1])
        cnt += 1
        n -= 1
 
    # If there is no common segment
    if (first > end):
        print("-1",end="")
 
    else:
 
        # If the given number is between
        # the computed common range.
        if (d >= first and d <= end):
            print("0",end="")
 
        # Finding the minimum distance
        else:
            print(min(abs(first - d),abs(d - end)),end="")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    n = 3
    d = 3
 
    # Given array of ranges
    arrays=[[0, 7],
            [2, 14],
            [4, 6] ]
 
    findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

C#

// C# implementation find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
using System;
 
class GFG
{
  
// Function to find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
static void findMinimumOperation(int n, int d,
                    int [,]arrays){
    int cnt = 0;
    int first = int.MinValue, end = int.MaxValue;
  
    // Loop to find the common range out
    // of the given array of ranges.
    while (n > 0) {
          
        // Storing the start and end index
        int []arr = { arrays[cnt, 0],
                        arrays[cnt, 1] };
  
        // Sorting the range
        Array.Sort(arr);
  
        // Finding the maximum starting
        // value of common segment
        first = Math.Max(first, arr[0]);
  
        // Finding the minimum ending
        // value of common segment
        end = Math.Min(end, arr[1]);
        cnt++;
        n--;
    }
  
    // If there is no common segment
    if (first > end)
        Console.Write("-1");
  
    else {
          
        // If the given number is between
        // the computed common range.
        if (d >= first && d <= end) {
            Console.Write("0");
        }
  
        // Finding the minimum distance
        else
            Console.Write(Math.Min(Math.Abs(first - d),
                        Math.Abs(d - end)));
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
    int n = 3, d = 3;
  
    // Given array of ranges
    int [,]arrays = {
        { 0, 7 },
        { 2, 14 },
        { 4, 6 }
    };
    findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays);
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992

Javascript

 
// Javascript implementation find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
 
// Function to find the minimum
// difference in the number D such that
// D is inside of every range
function findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays)
{
    var cnt = 0;
    var first = Number.MIN_VALUE,
          end = Number.MAX_VALUE;
 
    // Loop to find the common range out
    // of the given array of ranges.
    while (n > 0)
    {
         
        // Storing the start and end index
        var arr = [arrays[cnt][0], arrays[cnt][1]];
 
        // Sorting the range
        arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);
 
        // Finding the maximum starting
        // value of common segment
        first = Math.max(first, arr[0]);
 
        // Finding the minimum ending
        // value of common segment
        end = Math.min(end, arr[1]);
        cnt++;
        n--;
    }
 
    // If there is no common segment
    if (first > end)
        document.write("-1");
 
    else
    {
         
        // If the given number is between
        // the computed common range.
        if (d >= first && d <= end)
        {
            document.write("0");
        }
 
        // Finding the minimum distance
        else
            document.write(Math.min(
                           Math.abs(first - d),
                           Math.abs(d - end)));
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
var n = 3, d = 3;
 
// Given array of ranges
var arrays = [ [ 0, 7 ],
               [ 2, 14 ],
               [ 4, 6 ] ];
                
findMinimumOperation(n, d, arrays);
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji
 

输出：

1

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