1. UniData，UniVerse：
它是一个具有 SQL 映射层和元数据库功能的 MultiValue 数据库和应用程序服务器。 UniData 简化了数据库设计，消除了 SQL 规范化的约束。 UniVerse 是 MultiValue 应用平台的一个组件，它的优势是用于开发企业应用程序的快速、灵活的数据服务器。基于 UniVerse 的应用程序最大化可用资源的处理吞吐量，动态分配可用资源。
2. 大师：
它是一个中间件，支持管理表示为关系表和/或属性图的数据。它是一个多模型混合 RDBMS，其中包含主要数据库模型，如图形 DBMS、本机 XML DBMS、关系 DBMS、RDF 存储、搜索引擎。它旨在利用操作系统线程支持和多个 CPU。 Virtuoso 对象关系数据库 (ORDBMS) 支持实体完整性和参照完整性。
UniData、UniVerse 和 Virtuoso 之间的区别：
| S.NO. | UniData, UniVerse | Virtuoso |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Developed by Rocket Software and initially released on 1985. | Developed by Virtuoso and initially released on 1998 and current release on May 2019. |
| 2 | Server operating systems of UniData, UniVerse is AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Windows. | AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, OS X, Solaris, Windows are the Server operating system. |
| 3 | Primary database model is Multivalue DBMS. | Primary database model is Graph DBMS, Native XML DBMS, Relational DBMS, RDF store, Search engine and Secondary database models is Document store. |
| 4 | UniData, UniVerse supports .Net, Basic, C, Java, programming languages. | Supports .Net, C, C#, C++, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Visual Basic programming languages. |
| 5 | APIs and other access methods of UniData, UniVerse is Proprietary protocol, RESTful HTTP API, Java API, JDBC, ODBC, OLE DB, SOAP-based API. | Virtuoso supports ADO.NET, GeoSPARQL, HTTP API, JDBC, Jena, RDF API, ODBC, OLE DB, RDF4J API, RESTful HTTP API, Sesame REST HTTP Protocol, SOAP, webservices, WebDAV, XPath, XQuery, XSLT. |
| 6 | UniData, UniVerse has a schema-free Data Schema. | It also has a Data Schema. |
| 7 | It has Implementation language C . | Implementation language of Virtuoso is C. |
| 8 | ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) Transaction concepts in UniData, UniVerse. | Its transaction concept is ACID ( Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability). |
| 9 | Replication methods of UniData, UniVerse is Master-slave replication | Replication methods of Virtuoso is based on Chain, star, and bi-directional replication, Master-master replication, Master-slave replication. |
| 10 | UniData, UniVerse doesn’t hold Consistency concept. | It also has Consistency concept. |
| 11 | Absence of Partitioning methods in UniData, UniVerse. | It doesn’t holds sharding partitioning methods. |
| 12 | It does not holds Foreign keys. | It holds Foreign keys. |