先决条件 – 硬连线和微程序控制单元
控制单元使用以下两种组织之一生成控制信号:硬连线控制单元、微程序控制单元。
硬接线控制单元:
它在硬件中实现为逻辑电路(门、触发器、解码器等)。如果我们有一个大型控制单元,这个组织就会非常复杂。
在这种组织中,如果必须修改或更改设计,则需要更改各个组件之间的接线。因此,所有组合电路的修改可能非常困难。
微程序控制单元:
微程序控制单元是使用编程方法实现的。通过执行由微指令组成的程序来执行一系列微操作。
由微指令组成的微程序存储在控制单元的控制存储器中。一条微指令的执行负责产生一组控制信号。
硬接线和微程序控制单元之间的区别:
ATTRIBUTES | HARDWIRED CONTROL UNIT | MICROPROGRAMMED CONTROL UNIT |
---|---|---|
1. Speed | Speed is fast | Speed is slow |
2. Cost of Implementation | More costlier. | Cheaper. |
3. Flexibility | Not flexible to accommodate new system specification or new instruction redesign is required. | More flexible to accommodate new system specification or new instruction sets. |
4. Ability to Handle Complex Instructions | Difficult to handle complex instruction sets. | Easier to handle complex instruction sets. |
5. Decoding | Complex decoding and sequencing logic. | Easier decoding and sequencing logic. |
6. Applications | RISC Microprocessor | CISC Microprocessor |
7. Instruction set of Size | Small | Large |
8. Control Memory | Absent | Present |
9. Chip Area Required | Less | More |
10. Occurrence | Occurrence of error is more | Occurrence of error is less |