两个图的并集和交集

给定两个图G1和G2 ，任务是找到两个给定图的并集和交集，即(G1 ∪ G2)和(G1 ∩ G2) 。

例子：

Input: G1 = { (“e1”, 1, 2), (“e2”, 1, 3), (“e3”, 3, 4), (“e4”, 2, 4) }, G2 =  = { (“e4”, 2, 4), (“e5”, 2, 5), (“e6”, 4, 5) }
Output:
G1 union G2 is
e1 1 2
e2 1 3
e3 3 4
e4 2 4
e5 2 5
e6 4 5

G1 intersection G2 is
e4 2 4
Explanation:
Union of the graphs G1 and G2:

Intersection of the graphs G1 and G2:

处理方法：按照以下步骤解决问题：

• 定义一个函数，比如Union(G1, G2) ，以找到G1和G2 的并集：
  • 初始化一个地图，比如added ，它存储是否已经添加了一条边。
  • 遍历图G1的边并推入图中的所有边，比如G ，并标记在added 中访问过的所有边。
  • 现在，再次遍历图G2的边，如果还没有添加边，则将边推入G 中，然后在添加的地图中标记添加的边。
• 定义一个函数say Intersection(G1, G2)来找到G1和G2的交集：
  • 初始化一个地图，比如added ，它存储是否已经添加了一条边。
  • 遍历图G1的边并标记添加的地图中访问的所有边。
  • 现在，再次遍历图G2的边并推动图G 中的边（如果已经添加了边）。然后，标记添加到地图中的边。
• 现在，打印Union(G1, G2)和Intersection(G1, G2)函数调用后得到的图形。

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++14

// C++ program for the above approach
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Function to find union of two graphs
void find_union(
    vector > G1,
    vector > G2)
{
    // Stores an edge of the graph G1
    map > added;
  
    // Stores the unioun graph G1
    vector > G;
  
    // Iterate over the edges
    // of the graph G1
    for (auto p : G1) {
  
        string a = get<0>(p);
  
        // Get the edges
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
  
        // Insert the current
        // edges into graph G
        G.push_back(
            make_tuple(a, b, c));
        added[a] = { b, c };
    }
  
    // Iterate over the edges
    // of the graph G1
    for (auto p : G2) {
  
        string a = get<0>(p);
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
  
        pair x = { b, c };
        pair y = { c, b };
  
        // If either edge x or
        // y is already added
        if (added[a] == x || added[a] == y)
            continue;
  
        // Otherwise
        G.push_back(make_tuple(a, b, c));
    }
  
    // Print the unioun
    cout << "G1 union G2 is\n";
  
    for (auto p : G) {
  
        string a = get<0>(p);
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
        cout << a << " " << b << " "
             << c << endl;
    }
}
  
// Function to find intersection of two graphs
void find_intersection(
    vector > G1,
    vector > G2)
{
    // Stores an edge
    map > added;
  
    // Stores the graph of intersection
    vector > G;
  
    // Iterate over edges of graph G1
    for (auto p : G1) {
        string a = get<0>(p);
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
  
        added[a] = { b, c };
    }
  
    // Iterate over edges of graph G2
    for (auto p : G2) {
  
        string a = get<0>(p);
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
  
        pair x = { b, c };
        pair y = { c, b };
  
        // If either edge x or
        // y is already added
        if (added[a] == x || added[a] == y)
            G.push_back(make_tuple(a, b, c));
    }
  
    // Print the graph G
    cout << "G1 intersection G2 is\n";
  
    for (auto p : G) {
  
        string a = get<0>(p);
        int b = get<1>(p);
        int c = get<2>(p);
  
        cout << a << " " << b
             << " " << c << endl;
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    vector > G1
        = { make_tuple("e1", 1, 2),
            make_tuple("e2", 1, 3),
            make_tuple("e3", 3, 4),
            make_tuple("e4", 2, 4) };
  
    vector > G2
        = { make_tuple("e4", 2, 4),
            make_tuple("e5", 2, 5),
            make_tuple("e6", 4, 5) };
  
    // Function call for finding the
    // Union of the given graph
    find_union(G1, G2);
  
    // Function call for finding the
    // Intersection of the given graph
    find_intersection(G1, G2);
  
    return 0;
}

输出：

G1 union G2 is
e1 1 2
e2 1 3
e3 3 4
e4 2 4
e5 2 5
e6 4 5
G1 intersection G2 is
e4 2 4

时间复杂度： O(N * log(N))
辅助空间： O(N)

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