📜  用于展平多级链表的 C++ 程序

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:11.600000             🧑  作者: Mango

用于展平多级链表的 C++ 程序

给定一个链表,其中除了下一个指针之外,每个节点都有一个子指针,它可能指向也可能不指向单独的链表。这些子列表可能有一个或多个自己的子列表,以此类推,以产生多级数据结构,如下图所示。您将获得列表第一级的负责人。展平列表,使所有节点出现在单级链表中。您需要以这样一种方式展平列表,即第一级的所有节点都应该首先出现,然后是第二级的节点,依此类推。

上述列表应转换为 10->5->12->7->11->4->20->13->17->6->2->16->9->8->3 ->19->15

问题很明确的说,我们需要一层一层的扁平化。一个解决方案的思路是,我们从第一层开始,一个一个地处理所有节点,如果一个节点有一个孩子,那么我们将孩子追加到列表的末尾,否则,我们什么都不做。第一级处理完后,所有下一级节点都将追加到第一级之后。附加节点遵循相同的过程。

1) Take the "cur" pointer, which will point to the head 
        of the first level of the list
2) Take the "tail" pointer, which will point to the end of the 
   first level of the list
3) Repeat the below procedure while "curr" is not NULL.
    I) If the current node has a child then
    a) Append this new child list to the "tail"
        tail->next = cur->child
    b) Find the last node of the new child list and update 
       the "tail"
        tmp = cur->child;
        while (tmp->next != NULL)
            tmp = tmp->next;
        tail = tmp;
    II) Move to the next node. i.e. cur = cur->next

以下是上述算法的实现。

C++
// C++ Program to flatten list with
// next and child pointers 
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Macro to find number of elements 
// in array 
#define SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / 
                   sizeof(arr[0])) 
  
// A linked list node has data, 
// next pointer and child pointer 
class Node 
{ 
    public:
    int data; 
    Node *next; 
    Node *child; 
}; 
  
// A utility function to create a linked list
// with n nodes. The data of nodes is taken 
// from arr[]. All child pointers are set as NULL 
Node *createList(int *arr, int n) 
{ 
    Node *head = NULL; 
    Node *p; 
  
    int i; 
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) 
    { 
        if (head == NULL) 
            head = p = new Node();
        else 
        { 
            p->next = new Node();
            p = p->next; 
        } 
        p->data = arr[i]; 
        p->next = p->child = NULL; 
    } 
    return head; 
} 
  
// A utility function to print 
// all nodes of a linked list 
void printList(Node *head) 
{ 
    while (head != NULL) 
    { 
        cout << head->data << " "; 
        head = head->next; 
    } 
    cout<child = head2; 
    head1->next->next->next->child = head3; 
    head3->child = head4; 
    head4->child = head5; 
    head2->next->child = head6; 
    head2->next->next->child = head7; 
    head7->child = head8; 
  
  
    /* Return head pointer of first 
       linked list. Note that all nodes are 
       reachable from head1 */
    return head1; 
} 
  
/* The main function that flattens
   a multilevel linked list */
void flattenList(Node *head) 
{ 
    // Base case
    if (head == NULL) 
    return; 
  
    Node *tmp; 
  
    /* Find tail node of first level 
       linked list */
    Node *tail = head; 
    while (tail->next != NULL) 
        tail = tail->next; 
  
    // One by one traverse through 
    // all nodes of first level 
    // linked list till we reach 
    // the tail node 
    Node *cur = head; 
    while (cur != tail) 
    { 
        // If current node has a child 
        if (cur->child) 
        { 
            // Then append the child at the 
            // end of current list 
            tail->next = cur->child; 
  
            // And update the tail to new 
            // last node 
            tmp = cur->child; 
            while (tmp->next) 
                tmp = tmp->next; 
            tail = tmp; 
        } 
  
        // Change current node 
        cur = cur->next; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver code
int main(void) 
{ 
    Node *head = NULL; 
    head = createList(); 
    flattenList(head); 
    printList(head); 
    return 0; 
} 
// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra


输出:

10 5 12 7 11 4 20 13 17 6 2 16 9 8 3 19 15

时间复杂度:由于每个节点最多被访问两次,时间复杂度为 O(n),其中 n 是给定链表中的节点数。

有关详细信息,请参阅有关扁平化多级链表的完整文章!