所有含有氢的化合物都不是酸吗?
酸和碱在我们的生活和我们周围的环境中发挥着重要作用,从我们的身体到我们星球的海洋和岩石。如果你曾经尝过柠檬汁或用soap,你就会遇到酸和碱。科学家根据味道和 pH 等特性将物质分类为酸、碱(也称为碱)或中性。
识别酸和碱
A pH meter determines whether a solution is acidic or basic. When we use a pH meter to test a substance, we get a number between 0 and 14. This is a pH scale that can be used to compare different substances. This means that a pH scale decrease of one can result in a tenfold increase in hydrogen ion concentration.
酸的 pH 值小于 7。H +离子的浓度越高,溶液的酸性越强,pH 值越低。碱的 pH 值大于 7。pH 7 被认为是中性的,表明 H +和 OH -离子的平衡。对于非常强的酸,pH 值可以小于 0,对于非常强的碱,它可以大于 14。
实验证明所有含氢化合物都不是酸
将两个钉子插入木制或橡胶软木塞中,然后将其放入烧杯中。使用电线,将这些铁钉连接到灯泡、6 伏电池和开关上。将一些酒精或葡萄糖倒入一个足以让指甲浸入的容器中。当您打开开关时,您会注意到灯泡不亮。现在,倒空烧杯,加入一些 HCl 水溶液;此时灯泡应该会发光。这表明酸可以导电,而醇和葡萄糖则不能,即使在氢存在的情况下也是如此。
基于酸碱性质的实验
- 石蕊试纸
石蕊是使用最广泛的天然指示剂,它以纸条或溶液的形式提供。它来自地衣。加入酸性溶液后变为红色,加入碱性溶液后变为蓝色。
- 铜币实验
将少量液体溶液倒入几个不同的杯子中。尝试一些您知道是酸性的不同解决方案和一些您知道是碱性的解决方案。剩下的就是将铜币放入溶液中。你可以把它们平放在杯子的底部,但如果你把硬币竖起来,只有一半浸在液体中,结果会更加剧烈。酸会溶解铜币上的锈蚀,使它们恢复到原来的闪亮状态。
- 生鸡蛋实验
将生鸡蛋放入醋浴中软化。高酸性的醋会溶解蛋壳,有效地将其转化为酸煮的水煮蛋。如果你小心地放下它,它甚至会反弹。它还证明了醋中的乙酸和蛋壳中的碳酸钙之间的化学反应如何产生橡胶状的鸡蛋?
示例问题
问题1:区分酸和碱。
回答:
When an acid is added to water, it produces hydrogen (H+) ions, whereas a base is a substance that neutralises acids. When bases are added to water, they split to form hydroxide ions, which are denoted by the symbol OH–. An alkaline solution is a base solution that has been added to water.
问题 2:您将如何借助 pH 标度识别酸或碱?
回答:
A pH metre determines whether a solution is acidic or basic. When we use a pH metre to test a substance, we get a number between 0 and 14. This is a pH scale that can be used to compare different substances. Acids have a pH less than 7, while bases have a pH greater than 7. pH 7 is considered neutral.
问题3:石蕊试纸如何鉴别酸碱?
回答:
Litmus is the most widely used natural indicator, and it is available in the form of strips of paper or a solution. It is derived from lichens. When an acidic solution is added, it turns red, and when a basic solution is added, it turns blue.
问题四:生鸡蛋实验的目的是什么?
回答:
A raw egg experiment is intended to show how a chemical reaction between acetic acid in vinegar and calcium carbonate in the egg shell results in a rubbery egg.
问题 5:定义嗅觉指标。举两个可以用作嗅觉指示剂的物质的例子。
回答:
Olfactory indicators are substances whose smell changes in acidic or basic solutions, such as onion and vanilla.
问题6:自来水导电,而蒸馏水不导电。为什么?
回答:
The difference between tap water and distilled water is that tap water contains ions, which conduct electricity, whereas distilled water does not.