分子和化合物
原子和分子负责形成微观沙粒、大质量黑洞以及介于两者之间的一切。原子是最基本的物质单位，包括我们周围所见的一切。它非常小，尺寸在 0.1 到 0.5 纳米之间。
Molecules are made up of one or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. Atoms can be represented as circle shapes with a nucleus in the centre, surrounded by one or more concentric circles representing the shells in which the electrons surrounding the nucleus of the atom are located, and markings indicating the electron.
在每个级别。分子是一种物质可以被分割成的最小计量单位，但仍保持相同的物质。它由化学键合在一起的两个或多个原子组成。
What are the Forces existing between Atoms and Molecules?
The most basic forces between atoms are those caused by electron transfer. For example, sodium fluoride. The nuclear charge of sodium is +11, with 2 electrons in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 1 in the M shell. The nuclear charge of the fluorine atom is 9, with 2 electrons in the K shell and 7 in the L shell.
The sodium atom’s outermost electron can easily transfer to the fluorine atom, giving both atoms a complete shell, but the sodium now has a net charge of +1 and the fluorine a net charge of -1. As a result, these ions are attracted to one another via direct coulombic interaction. The force between them is strong, varying as x-2, where x is the distance between the ions, and acting in the direction of the line connecting the ions.
元素分子
Elements are fundamental substances made up of a single type of atom. Furthermore, elements are made up of smaller particles that can be synthetic or man-made.
元素周期表的元素排列由按升序计数的质子数决定。此外，当具有相同质子数的元素中的原子排列不同时，会产生该元素的不同版本。
例如-
金刚石和石墨都是碳元素，但它们的外观却大不相同。
化合物分子
请记住，水的化学式是 H 2 O。在本说明中，水由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。当两种不同的元素结合时，就会形成一种称为水的新物质。
As a result, Compounds are substances formed by the combination of two or more types of elements.
化合物中的原子是化学连接的，因此不容易分离。同样，二氧化碳的化学式为CO 2 ，由两种元素组成：碳和氧。食盐 (NaCl)、白垩 (CaCO 3 ) 和水是化合物 (H 2 O) 的一些其他例子。
化合物和分子之间的区别
- 化合物是由两种或多种不同元素组成的物质。化合物包括食盐（NaCl）、水（H 2 O）、二氧化碳（CO 2 ）等。
- 因为它们中的每一种都包含一种以上的元素，所以它们被称为化合物。氮气（N 2 ）和巴克敏斯特富勒烯不能归类为化合物。这是因为它们只包含单一类型的元素。
- 准确地说，作为分子的东西不取决于原子聚集在一起时形成的键的类型。
- 电子可以在原子之间共享，或者它们可以从一个原子完全移除并转移到另一个原子。请记住，分子具有分子键。
- 因为氮原子之间形成的键代表分子键，所以N 2可以看成一个分子。
- 水是一种分子化合物，因为它是由多种元素通过分子键结合而成的物质。
- 此外，盐 (NaCl) 类似于离子化合物，因为它由通过离子键结合在一起的多种元素组成。
示例问题
问题1：当原子结合形成分子时会发生什么？
回答：
Chemical bonds hold atoms together as they combine to form molecules. These bonds form as a result of the atoms sharing or exchanging electrons. Only the electrons in the outermost shell are ever active in bonding.
问题2：一个分子可以有一个原子吗？
回答：
The most basic definition of a molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. So, no, a molecule cannot be formed from a single atom by nature.
问题3：举个例子，解释一下分子式和经验式的区别。
回答：
The empirical formula is the most basic formula for any compound. The molecular formula, on the other hand, can be counted as a multiple of the empirical formula. It is based on the precise number of atoms present in the compound for each type. For example, if the compound’s empirical formula is C3H8, its molecular formula could be C3H8, C6H16, and so on.
问题4：为什么水是分子化合物？
回答：
Water is a molecular compound because it is a substance made up of multiple elements held together by molecular bonds.
问题5：什么是化合物？
回答：
A compound is a substance composed of two or more distinct elements. Compounds include things like table salt, water, and carbon dioxide. These are referred to as compounds because they each contain more than one type of element..