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📜  Makefile-宏

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-01 04:36:38             🧑  作者: Mango

make程序允许您使用与变量相似的宏。宏在Makefile中定义为=对。一个例子如下所示-

MACROS  = -me
PSROFF  = groff -Tps
DITROFF = groff -Tdvi
CFLAGS  = -O -systype bsd43
LIBS    = "-lncurses -lm -lsdl"
MYFACE  = ":*)"

特殊宏

在目标规则集中发布任何命令之前，需要预定义某些特殊宏-

  • $ @是要制作的文件的名称。

  • $?是已更改的家属的名称。

例如，我们可以使用如下规则：

hello: main.cpp hello.cpp factorial.cpp
   $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $? $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

Alternatively:

hello: main.cpp hello.cpp factorial.cpp
   $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $@.cpp $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

在此示例中，$ @代表您好，$?代表或$ @。cpp拾取所有已更改的源文件。

隐式规则中使用了两个以上的特殊宏。他们是-

  • $ <引起操作的相关文件的名称。

  • $ *目标文件和从属文件共享的前缀。

常见的隐式规则是从.cpp(源文件)中构造.o(目标)文件。

.cpp.o:
   $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<

Alternatively:

.cpp.o:
   $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $*.c

常规宏

有各种默认宏。您可以通过键入“ make -p”以显示默认值来查看它们。从使用规则中，大多数都是显而易见的。

这些预定义变量(即，隐式规则中使用的宏)分为两类。它们如下-

  • 作为程序名称的宏(例如CC)

  • 包含程序参数的宏(例如CFLAGS)。

以下是一些常用变量的表，这些变量在makefile的内置规则中用作程序的名称-

Sr.No Variables & Description
1

AR

Archive-maintaining program; default is `ar’.
2

AS

Program to compiling assembly files; default is `as’.
3

CC

Program to compiling C programs; default is `cc’.
4

CO

Program to checking out files from RCS; default is `co’.
5

CXX

Program to compiling C++ programs; default is `g++’.
6

CPP

Program to running the C preprocessor, with results to standard output; default is `$(CC) -E’.
7

FC

Program to compiling or preprocessing Fortran and Ratfor programs; default is `f77′.
8

GET

Program to extract a file from SCCS; default is `get’.
9

LEX

Program to use to turn Lex grammars into source code; default is `lex’.
10

YACC

Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into source code; default is `yacc’.
11

LINT

Program to use to run lint on source code; default is `lint’.
12

M2C

Program to use to compile Modula-2 source code; default is `m2c’.
13

PC

Program for compile Pascal programs; default is `pc’.
14

MAKEINFO

Program to convert a Texinfo source file into an Info file; default is `makeinfo’.
15

TEX

Program to make TeX dvi files from TeX source; default is `tex’.
16

TEXI2DVI

Program to make TeX dvi files from Texinfo source; default is `texi2dvi’.
17

WEAVE

Program to translate Web into TeX; default is `weave’.
18

CWEAVE

Program to translate C Web into TeX; default is `cweave’.
19

TANGLE

Program to translate Web into Pascal; default is `tangle’.
20

CTANGLE

Program to translate C Web into C; default is `ctangle’.
21

RM

Command to remove a file; default is `rm -f’.

这是一个变量表，其值是上述程序的附加参数。除非另有说明，否则所有这些的默认值为空字符串。

Sr.No. Variables & Description
1

ARFLAGS

Flags to give the archive-maintaining program; default is `rv’.
2

ASFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the assembler when explicitly invoked on a `.s’ or `.S’ file.
3

CFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C compiler.
4

CXXFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C compiler.
5

COFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the RCS co program.
6

CPPFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C preprocessor and programs, which use it (such as C and Fortran compilers).
7

FFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler.
8

GFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the SCCS get program.
9

LDFLAGS

Extra flags to give to compilers when they are supposed to invoke the linker, `ld’.
10

LFLAGS

Extra flags to give to Lex.
11

YFLAGS

Extra flags to give to Yacc.
12

PFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the Pascal compiler.
13

RFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler for Ratfor programs.
14

LINTFLAGS

Extra flags to give to lint.

注意–您可以使用’-R’或’–no-builtin-variables’选项取消隐式规则使用的所有变量。

您还可以在命令行中定义宏，如下所示：

make CPP = /home/courses/cop4530/spring02