将长度为“k”的所有子字符串从基数“b”转换为十进制

给出了一个定义有效数字的字符串。输出长度为 'k' 的子串从 base 'b' 到 base 10 的所有基本转换。

例子：

Input :  str = "12212", 
      k = 3, b = 3.
Output : 17 25 23
Explanation :
All the substrings of length 'k' are : 122, 221, 212.
Base conversion can be computed using the formula.

方法1（简单）

一种简单的方法是使用简单的碱基转换技术。对于基数 b 数 str，其十进制等效值为 str[0]*b ⁰ + str[1]*b ¹ + str[2]*b ² + … + str[n-1]*b ^n-1

C++

// Simple C++ program to convert all substrings from
// decimal to given base.
#include 
using namespace std;
 
int substringConversions(string str, int k, int b)
{
    for (int i=0; i + k <= str.size(); i++)
    {
        // Saving substring in sub
        string sub = str.substr(i, k);       
         
        // Evaluating decimal for current substring
        // and printing it.
        int sum = 0, counter = 0;
        for (int i = sub.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            sum = sum + ((sub.at(i) - '0') * pow(b, counter));
            counter++;
        }       
        cout << sum << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    string str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);   
    return 0;
}

Java

// Simple Java program to convert all substrings from
// decimal to given base.
 
class GFG
{
 
static void substringConversions(String str, int k, int b)
{
    for (int i=0; i + k <= str.length(); i++)
    {
        // Saving substring in sub
        String sub = str.substring(i, i+k);    
         
        // Evaluating decimal for current substring
        // and printing it.
        int sum = 0, counter = 0;
        for (int j = sub.length() - 1; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            sum = (int) (sum + ((sub.charAt(j) - '0') *
                                    Math.pow(b, counter)));
            counter++;
        }    
        System.out.print(sum + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    String str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# Simple Python3 program to convert
# all substrings from decimal to given base.
import math
 
def substringConversions(s, k, b):
     
    l = len(s);
    for i in range(l):
         
        if((i + k) < l + 1):
             
            # Saving substring in sub
            sub = s[i : i + k];    
             
            # Evaluating decimal for current
            # substring and printing it.
            sum, counter = 0, 0;
            for i in range(len(sub) - 1, -1, -1):
     
                sum = sum + ((ord(sub[i]) - ord('0')) *    
                              pow(b, counter));
                counter += 1;
             
            print(sum , end = " ");
 
# Driver code
s = "12212";
b, k = 3, 3;
substringConversions(s, b, k);
 
# This code is contributed
# by Princi Singh

C#

// Simple C# program to convert all substrings from
// decimal to given base.
using System;
 
class GFG
{
 
static void substringConversions(String str, int k, int b)
{
    for (int i = 0; i + k <= str.Length; i++)
    {
        // Saving substring in sub
        String sub = str.Substring(i, k);    
         
        // Evaluating decimal for current substring
        // and printing it.
        int sum = 0, counter = 0;
        for (int j = sub.Length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            sum = (int) (sum + ((sub[j] - '0') *
                                    Math.Pow(b, counter)));
            counter++;
        }    
        Console.Write(sum + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    String str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);
}
}
 
/* This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

Javascript

 
// Simple Javascript program to convert
// all substrings from decimal to given base.
function substringConversions(str, k, b)
{
    for(let i = 0; i + k <= str.length; i++)
    {
         
        // Saving substring in sub
        let sub = str.substring(i, i+k);    
           
        // Evaluating decimal for current substring
        // and printing it.
        let sum = 0, counter = 0;
        for(let j = sub.length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            sum =  (sum + ((sub[j].charCodeAt(0) -
                               '0'.charCodeAt(0)) *
                               Math.pow(b, counter)));
            counter++;
        }    
        document.write(sum + " ");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
let str = "12212";
let b = 3, k = 3;
 
substringConversions(str, b, k);
     
// This code is contributed by patel2127
 

输出：

17 25 23

时间复杂度： O(n*k)

方法二（使用滑动窗口）

我们可以使用滑动窗口技术在线性时间内解决它。每次滑动窗口时，我们都会减去第一个元素的权重，即 (element * pow(b, k-1) ) 。现在将前面的总和乘以“b”将使每个元素的权重增加 3 倍，这是必需的。此外，我们将简单地在 window 中添加新元素，因为它的权重是element * pow(b, 0) 。

下面是实现：

C++

// Efficient C++ program to convert all substrings from
// decimal to given base.
#include 
using namespace std;
 
int substringConversions(string str, int k, int b)
{
   int i = 0, sum = 0, counter = k-1;
 
    // Computing the decimal of first window
    for (i; i < k; i++)
    {
        sum = sum + ((str.at(i) - '0') * pow(b, counter));
        counter--;
    }
    cout << sum << " ";
     
    // prev stores the previous decimal
    int prev = sum;
            
    // Computing decimal equivalents of all other windows
    sum = 0, counter = 0;
    for (i; i < str.size(); i++)
    {
        // Subtracting weight of the element pushed out of window
        sum = prev - ((str.at(i - k) - '0') * pow(b, k-1));
         
        // Multiplying the decimal by base to formulate other window
        sum = sum * b;
         
        // Adding the new element of window to sum
        sum = sum + (str.at(i) - '0');
         
        // Decimal of current window
        cout << sum << " ";
         
        // Updating prev
        prev = sum;
         
        counter++;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    string str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);   
    return 0;
}

Java

// Efficient Java program to convert
// all substrings from decimal to given base.
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
static void substringConversions(String str,
                                 int k, int b)
{
    int i = 0, sum = 0, counter = k-1;
 
    // Computing the decimal of first window
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        sum = (int) (sum + ((str.charAt(i) - '0') *
                             Math.pow(b, counter)));
        counter--;
    }
    System.out.print(sum + " ");
     
    // prev stores the previous decimal
    int prev = sum;
             
    // Computing decimal equivalents of all other windows
    sum = 0; counter = 0;
    for (; i < str.length(); i++)
    {
        // Subtracting weight of the element
        // pushed out of window
        sum = (int) (prev - ((str.charAt(i - k) - '0') *
                              Math.pow(b, k - 1)));
         
        // Multiplying the decimal by base
        // to formulate other window
        sum = sum * b;
         
        // Adding the new element of window to sum
        sum = sum + (str.charAt(i) - '0');
         
        // Decimal of current window
        System.out.print(sum + " ");
         
        // Updating prev
        prev = sum;
         
        counter++;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    String str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Python3

# Simple Python3 program to convert all
# substrings from decimal to given base.
import math as mt
 
def substringConversions(str1, k, b):
 
    for i in range(0, len(str1) - k + 1):
     
        # Saving substring in sub
        sub = str1[i:k + i]
         
        # Evaluating decimal for current
        # substring and printing it.
        Sum = 0
        counter = 0
        for i in range(len(sub) - 1, -1, -1):
            Sum = (Sum + ((ord(sub[i]) - ord('0')) *
                           pow(b, counter)))
            counter += 1
                 
        print(Sum, end = " ")
     
# Driver code
str1 = "12212"
b = 3
k = 3
substringConversions(str1, b, k)
 
# This code is contributed by
# Mohit Kumar 29

C＃

// Efficient C# program to convert
// all substrings from decimal to given base.
using System;
 
class GFG
{
static void substringConversions(String str,
                                 int k, int b)
{
    int i = 0, sum = 0, counter = k-1;
 
    // Computing the decimal of first window
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        sum = (int) (sum + ((str[i] - '0') *
                             Math.Pow(b, counter)));
        counter--;
    }
    Console.Write(sum + " ");
     
    // prev stores the previous decimal
    int prev = sum;
             
    // Computing decimal equivalents
    // of all other windows
    sum = 0; counter = 0;
    for (; i < str.Length; i++)
    {
        // Subtracting weight of the element
        // pushed out of window
        sum = (int) (prev - ((str[i - k] - '0') *
                               Math.Pow(b, k - 1)));
         
        // Multiplying the decimal by base
        // to formulate other window
        sum = sum * b;
         
        // Adding the new element of window to sum
        sum = sum + (str[i] - '0');
         
        // Decimal of current window
        Console.Write(sum + " ");
         
        // Updating prev
        prev = sum;
         
        counter++;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    String str = "12212";
    int b = 3, k = 3;
    substringConversions(str, b, k);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh

Javascript

 
// Efficient Javascript program to convert
// all substrings from decimal to given base.
function substringConversions(str, k, b)
{
    let i = 0, sum = 0, counter = k-1;
     
    // Computing the decimal of first window
    for(i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        sum =  (sum + ((str[i].charCodeAt(0) -
                           '0'.charCodeAt(0)) *
                           Math.pow(b, counter)));
        counter--;
    }
    document.write(sum + " ");
      
    // prev stores the previous decimal
    let prev = sum;
              
    // Computing decimal equivalents of
    // all other windows
    sum = 0; counter = 0;
    for(; i < str.length; i++)
    {
         
        // Subtracting weight of the element
        // pushed out of window
        sum =  (prev - ((str[i - k].charCodeAt(0) -
                                '0'.charCodeAt(0)) *
                                Math.pow(b, k - 1)));
          
        // Multiplying the decimal by base
        // to formulate other window
        sum = sum * b;
          
        // Adding the new element of window to sum
        sum = sum + (str[i].charCodeAt(0) -
                        '0'.charCodeAt(0));
          
        // Decimal of current window
        document.write(sum + " ");
          
        // Updating prev
        prev = sum;
          
        counter++;
    }
}
 
// Driver code
let str = "12212";
let b = 3, k = 3;
 
substringConversions(str, b, k);
 
// This code is contributed by unknown2108
 

输出：

17 25 23

时间复杂度： O(n)