Python|使用 XlsxWriter 模块在 Excel 工作表中绘制圆环图

先决条件：在 Excel 工作表上创建和书写

XlsxWriter是一个Python库，使用它可以对 excel 文件执行多种操作，例如创建、写入、算术运算和绘图。让我们看看如何使用实时数据绘制不同种类的甜甜圈图。

图表由至少一系列的一个或多个数据点组成。系列本身由对单元格范围的引用组成。为了在 Excel 表上绘制图表，首先，创建特定图表类型的图表对象（即圆环图等）。创建图表对象后，在其中插入数据，最后，将该图表对象添加到工作表对象中。

代码 #1：绘制简单的圆环图。

要在 Excel 工作表上绘制简单的饼图，请使用add_chart()方法和工作簿对象的类型“甜甜圈”关键字参数。

# import xlsxwriter module 
import xlsxwriter
  
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument   
# which is the filename that we want to create. 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_doughnut1.xlsx')
  
# The workbook object is then used to add new   
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.  
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
  
   
# Create a new Format object to formats cells 
# in worksheets using add_format() method . 
    
# here we create bold format object . 
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
  
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Category', 'Values']
data = [
    ['Glazed', 'Chocolate', 'Cream'],
    [50, 35, 15],
]
  
  
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1' 
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
  
# Write a column of data starting from  
# 'A2', 'B2' respectively . 
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
  
# Create a chart object that can be added 
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method. 
  
# here we create a doughnut chart object . 
chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'doughnut'})
  
# Add a data series to a chart 
# using add_series method.
  
# Configure the first series.
# syntax to define ranges 
# [sheetname, first_row, first_col, last_row, last_col].
chart1.add_series({
    'name':       'Doughnut sales data',
    'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 3, 0],
    'values':     ['Sheet1', 1, 1, 3, 1],
})
  
# Add a chart title 
chart1.set_title({'name': 'Popular Doughnut Types'})
  
# Set an Excel chart style. Colors
# with white outline and shadow.
chart1.set_style(10)
  
# add chart to the worksheet with an offset, 
# at the top-left corner of a chart  
# is anchored to cell C2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('C2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
  
# Finally, close the Excel file  
# via the close() method.  
workbook.close()

输出 ：
代码#2：用用户定义的段颜色绘制一个圆环图。

要在 Excel 工作表上使用用户定义的段颜色绘制饼图，请使用add_series()方法和图表对象的 points 关键字参数。

# import xlsxwriter module 
import xlsxwriter
  
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument   
# which is the filename that we want to create. 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_doughnut2.xlsx')
  
# The workbook object is then used to add new   
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.  
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
  
   
# Create a new Format object to formats cells 
# in worksheets using add_format() method . 
    
# here we create bold format object . 
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
  
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Category', 'Values']
data = [
    ['Glazed', 'Chocolate', 'Cream'],
    [50, 35, 15],
]
  
  
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1' 
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
  
# Write a column of data starting from  
# 'A2', 'B2' respectively . 
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
  
# Create a chart object that can be added 
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method. 
  
# here we create a doughnut chart object .
chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'doughnut'})
  
# Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0]. 
# Configure the series and add user defined segment colors.
chart2.add_series({
    'name': 'Doughnut sales data',
    'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$4',
    'values':     '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$4',
    'points': [
        {'fill': {'color': '# FA58D0'}},
        {'fill': {'color': '# 61210B'}},
        {'fill': {'color': '# F5F6CE'}},
    ],
})
  
# Add a chart title
chart2.set_title({'name': 'Doughnut Chart with user defined colors'})
  
# add chart to the worksheet with an offset, 
# at the top-left corner of a chart  
# is anchored to cell C2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('C2', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
  
# Finally, close the Excel file  
# via the close() method.  
workbook.close()

输出 ：
代码#3：绘制一个带有段旋转的圆环图。

要在 Excel 工作表上绘制带有分段旋转的饼图，请使用带有图表对象的确定角度参数的set_rotation()方法。

# import xlsxwriter module 
import xlsxwriter
  
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument   
# which is the filename that we want to create. 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_doughnut3.xlsx')
  
# The workbook object is then used to add new   
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.  
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
  
# Create a new Format object to formats cells 
# in worksheets using add_format() method . 
    
# here we create bold format object . 
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
  
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Category', 'Values']
data = [
    ['Glazed', 'Chocolate', 'Cream'],
    [50, 35, 15],
]
  
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1' 
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
  
# Write a column of data starting from  
# 'A2', 'B2' respectively . 
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
  
# Create a chart object that can be added 
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method. 
  
# here we create a doughnut chart object .
chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'doughnut'})
  
# Configure the series.
chart3.add_series({
    'name': 'Doughnut sales data',
    'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$4',
    'values':     '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$4',
})
  
# Add a chart title.
chart3.set_title({'name': 'Doughnut Chart with segment rotation'})
  
# Change the angle / rotation of the first segment.
chart3.set_rotation(90)
  
# add chart to the worksheet with an offset, 
# at the top-left corner of a chart  
# is anchored to cell C2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('C2', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
  
# Finally, close the Excel file  
# via the close() method.  
workbook.close()

输出 ：
代码#4：绘制一个用户定义孔尺寸的圆环图。

要在 Excel 表上绘制具有用户定义的孔大小的饼图，请使用带有图表对象的确定值（半径）参数的set_hole_size()方法。

# import xlsxwriter module 
import xlsxwriter
  
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument   
# which is the filename that we want to create. 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_doughnut4.xlsx')
  
# The workbook object is then used to add new   
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.  
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
  
   
# Create a new Format object to formats cells 
# in worksheets using add_format() method . 
    
# here we create bold format object . 
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
  
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
headings = ['Category', 'Values']
data = [
    ['Glazed', 'Chocolate', 'Cream'],
    [50, 35, 15],
]
  
  
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1' 
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
  
# Write a column of data starting from  
# 'A2', 'B2' respectively . 
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
  
# Create a chart object that can be added 
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method. 
  
# here we create a doughnut chart object .
chart4 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'doughnut'})
  
# Configure the series.
chart4.add_series({
    'name': 'Doughnut sales data',
    'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$4',
    'values':     '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$4',
})
  
# Set a 3D style.
chart4.set_style(26)
  
# Add a title.
chart4.set_title({'name': 'Doughnut Chart with small hole size'})
  
# Change the hole size.
chart4.set_hole_size(33)
  
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('C2', chart4, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
  
# Finally, close the Excel file  
# via the close() method.  
workbook.close()

输出 ：