在Java中创建对象的不同方法
我们可以通过多种方式在Java中创建类的对象,因为我们都知道类提供对象的蓝图,您可以从类创建对象。这个概念被低估了,有时被证明是有益的,因为这个概念被许多程序员绕过,有时甚至会询问面试的洞察力。
方法:
在Java中有许多不同的方法来创建对象。让我们列出它们稍后讨论 稍后在程序的帮助下单独展示内部工作,我们可以通过这些工作在Java中创建对象。
- 使用新关键字
- 使用新实例
- 使用 clone() 方法
- 使用反序列化
- 使用构造函数类的 newInstance() 方法
让我们一一讨论它们,并通过附加一个干净的Java程序来实现它们。
方法一:使用新关键字
在Java中使用new关键字是创建对象的最基本方式。这是在Java中创建对象的最常用方法。几乎 99% 的对象都是以这种方式创建的。通过使用这个方法,我们可以调用我们想要调用的任何构造函数(无参数或参数化构造函数)。
例子
Java
// Java program to Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using new keyword
// Main class
class GFG {
// Declaring and initializing string
// Custom input string
String name = "GeeksForGeeks";
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// As usual and most generic used we will
// be creating object of class inside main()
// using new keyword
GFG obj = new GFG();
// Print and display the object
System.out.println(obj.name);
}
}
Java
// Java program to Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using new Instance
// Main class
class GFG {
// Declaring and initializing string
String name = "GeeksForGeeks";
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("GFG");
// Creating object of main class
// using instance method
GFG obj = (GFG)cls.newInstance();
// Print and display
System.out.println(obj.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
// Catch block 1
// Handling ClassNotFound Exception
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// Display the exception along with line number
// using printStacktrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Catch block 2
// Handling InstantiationException
catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Catch block 2
// Handling IllegalAccessException
catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Java
// Java program to Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using clone() method
// Main class
// Implementing Cloneable interface
class GFG implements Cloneable {
// Method 1
@Override
protected Object clone()
throws CloneNotSupportedException
{
// Super() keyword refers to parent class
return super.clone();
}
// Declaring and initializing string
String name = "GeeksForGeeks";
// Method 2
// main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
GFG obj1 = new GFG();
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
// Using the clome() method
GFG obj2 = (GFG)obj1.clone();
// Print and display the main class object
// as created above
System.out.println(obj2.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// Display the exception
// using printStackTrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Java
// Java Program Illustrate Serializing an Object
// Importing input output classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
// Implementing the Serializable interface
class GFG implements Serializable {
// Member variables
private String name;
GFG(String name)
{
// This keyword refers to current object itself
this.name = name;
}
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
// Creating object of class in main() method
GFG d = new GFG("GeeksForGeeks");
FileOutputStream f
= new FileOutputStream("file.txt");
ObjectOutputStream oos
= new ObjectOutputStream(f);
oos.writeObject(d);
oos.close();
// Freeing up memory resources
f.close();
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptiona
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception along with line number
// using printStacktrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Java
// Java Program Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using Deserialization
// Importing input output classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
public class GFG {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
GFG d;
// Creating FileInputStream class object
FileInputStream f
= new FileInputStream("file.txt");
// Creating ObjectInputStream class object
ObjectInputStream oos
= new ObjectInputStream(f);
d = (DeserializationExample)oos.readObject();
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception on console
// using printStacjtrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(d.name);
}
}
Java
// Java program to illustrate creation of Object
// using newInstance() method of Constructor class
// Importing required classes from java.lang package
import java.lang.reflect.*;
// Main class
class GFG {
// Member variables of this class
private String name;
// Constructor of this class
GFG() {}
// Method 1
// To set name ofthe string
public void setName(String name)
{
// This method refers to current object itself
this.name = name;
}
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check fo exceptions
try {
Constructor constructor
= GFG.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
GFG r = constructor.newInstance();
// Custom passing
r.setName("GeeksForGeeks");
System.out.println(r.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception on console
// using printStackTrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
GeeksForGeeks
方法2:使用新实例
如果我们知道类的名称并且如果它有一个公共的默认构造函数,我们可以创建一个对象Class.forName 。我们可以使用它来创建一个类的对象。 Class.forName 实际上加载Java中的类,但不创建任何对象。要创建类的对象,您必须使用类的新实例方法。
例子
Java
// Java program to Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using new Instance
// Main class
class GFG {
// Declaring and initializing string
String name = "GeeksForGeeks";
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("GFG");
// Creating object of main class
// using instance method
GFG obj = (GFG)cls.newInstance();
// Print and display
System.out.println(obj.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
// Catch block 1
// Handling ClassNotFound Exception
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// Display the exception along with line number
// using printStacktrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Catch block 2
// Handling InstantiationException
catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Catch block 2
// Handling IllegalAccessException
catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
GeeksForGeeks
方法 3:使用 clone() 方法
每当对任何对象调用 clone() 时,JVM 实际上都会创建一个新对象并将前一个对象的所有内容复制到其中。使用 clone 方法创建对象不会调用任何构造函数。为了在对象上使用 clone() 方法,我们需要实现 Cloneable 并在其中定义clone() 方法。
例子
Java
// Java program to Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using clone() method
// Main class
// Implementing Cloneable interface
class GFG implements Cloneable {
// Method 1
@Override
protected Object clone()
throws CloneNotSupportedException
{
// Super() keyword refers to parent class
return super.clone();
}
// Declaring and initializing string
String name = "GeeksForGeeks";
// Method 2
// main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
GFG obj1 = new GFG();
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
// Using the clome() method
GFG obj2 = (GFG)obj1.clone();
// Print and display the main class object
// as created above
System.out.println(obj2.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// Display the exception
// using printStackTrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
GeeksForGeeks
Note:
- Here we are creating the clone of an existing Object and not any new Object.
- Class need to implement Cloneable Interface otherwise it will throw CloneNotSupportedException.
方法四:使用反序列化
每当我们序列化然后反序列化一个对象时,JVM 都会创建一个单独的对象。在反序列化中,JVM 不使用任何构造函数来创建对象。要反序列化一个对象,我们需要在类中实现 Serializable 接口。
示例 1
Java
// Java Program Illustrate Serializing an Object
// Importing input output classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
// Implementing the Serializable interface
class GFG implements Serializable {
// Member variables
private String name;
GFG(String name)
{
// This keyword refers to current object itself
this.name = name;
}
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
// Creating object of class in main() method
GFG d = new GFG("GeeksForGeeks");
FileOutputStream f
= new FileOutputStream("file.txt");
ObjectOutputStream oos
= new ObjectOutputStream(f);
oos.writeObject(d);
oos.close();
// Freeing up memory resources
f.close();
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptiona
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception along with line number
// using printStacktrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
GeeksForGeeks
Object of DeserializationExample class is serialized using writeObject() method and written to file.txt file.
示例 2
Java
// Java Program Illustrate Creation of Object
// Using Deserialization
// Importing input output classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
public class GFG {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check for exceptions
try {
GFG d;
// Creating FileInputStream class object
FileInputStream f
= new FileInputStream("file.txt");
// Creating ObjectInputStream class object
ObjectInputStream oos
= new ObjectInputStream(f);
d = (DeserializationExample)oos.readObject();
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception on console
// using printStacjtrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(d.name);
}
}
输出:
GeeksForGeeks
方法五:使用构造函数类的newInstance()方法
这类似于类的 newInstance() 方法。有一个 newInstance() 方法 Java.lang.reflect.Constructor 类,我们可以使用它来创建对象。它还可以使用这个 newInstance() 方法调用参数化构造函数和私有构造函数。两种 newInstance() 方法都被称为创建对象的反射方法。实际上 Class 的 newInstance() 方法内部使用了 Constructor 类的 newInstance() 方法。
例子
Java
// Java program to illustrate creation of Object
// using newInstance() method of Constructor class
// Importing required classes from java.lang package
import java.lang.reflect.*;
// Main class
class GFG {
// Member variables of this class
private String name;
// Constructor of this class
GFG() {}
// Method 1
// To set name ofthe string
public void setName(String name)
{
// This method refers to current object itself
this.name = name;
}
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Try block to check fo exceptions
try {
Constructor constructor
= GFG.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
GFG r = constructor.newInstance();
// Custom passing
r.setName("GeeksForGeeks");
System.out.println(r.name);
}
// Catch block to handle the exceptions
catch (Exception e) {
// Display the exception on console
// using printStackTrace() method
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
GeeksForGeeks