从给定字符串中删除重复项的 C++ 程序
给定一个字符串S ,任务是删除给定字符串中的所有重复项。
以下是删除字符串中重复项的不同方法。
方法一(简单)
C++
// CPP program to remove duplicate character
// from character array and print in sorted
// order
#include
using namespace std;
char *removeDuplicate(char str[], int n)
{
// Used as index in the modified string
int index = 0;
// Traverse through all characters
for (int i=0; i
C++
// CPP program to remove duplicate character
// from character array and print in sorted
// order
#include
using namespace std;
char *removeDuplicate(char str[], int n)
{
// create a set using string characters
// excluding '�'
sets (str, str+n-1);
// print content of the set
int i = 0;
for (auto x : s)
str[i++] = x;
str[i] = '�';
return str;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
char str[]= "geeksforgeeks";
int n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
cout << removeDuplicate(str, n);
return 0;
}
C++
// C++ program to remove duplicates, the order of
// characters is not maintained in this program
#include
using namespace std;
/* Function to remove duplicates in a sorted array */
char *removeDupsSorted(char *str)
{
int res_ind = 1, ip_ind = 1;
/* In place removal of duplicate characters*/
while (*(str + ip_ind))
{
if (*(str + ip_ind) != *(str + ip_ind - 1))
{
*(str + res_ind) = *(str + ip_ind);
res_ind++;
}
ip_ind++;
}
/* After above step string is efgkorskkorss.
Removing extra kkorss after string*/
*(str + res_ind) = '�';
return str;
}
/* Function removes duplicate characters from the string
This function work in-place and fills null characters
in the extra space left */
char *removeDups(char *str)
{
int n = strlen(str);
// Sort the character array
sort(str, str+n);
// Remove duplicates from sorted
return removeDupsSorted(str);
}
/* Driver program to test removeDups */
int main()
{
char str[] = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << removeDups(str);
return 0;
}
C++
#include
using namespace std;
# define NO_OF_CHARS 256
# define bool int
/* Function removes duplicate characters from the string
This function work in-place and fills null characters
in the extra space left */
char *removeDups(char str[])
{
bool bin_hash[NO_OF_CHARS] = {0};
int ip_ind = 0, res_ind = 0;
char temp;
/* In place removal of duplicate characters*/
while (*(str + ip_ind))
{
temp = *(str + ip_ind);
if (bin_hash[temp] == 0)
{
bin_hash[temp] = 1;
*(str + res_ind) = *(str + ip_ind);
res_ind++;
}
ip_ind++;
}
/* After above step string is stringiittg.
Removing extra iittg after string*/
*(str+res_ind) = '�';
return str;
}
/* Driver code */
int main()
{
char str[] = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << removeDups(str);
return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra
C++
// C++ program to create a unique string
#include
using namespace std;
// Function to make the string unique
string unique(string s)
{
string str;
int len = s.length();
// loop to traverse the string and
// check for repeating chars using
// IndexOf() method in Java
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
// character at i'th index of s
char c = s[i];
// If c is present in str, it returns
// the index of c, else it returns npos
auto found = str.find(c);
if (found == std::string::npos)
{
// Adding c to str if npos is returned
str += c;
}
}
return str;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
// Input string with repeating chars
string s = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << unique(s) << endl;
}
// This code is contributed by nirajgusain5
C++
// C++ program to create a unique string using unordered_map
/* access time in unordered_map on is O(1) generally if no collisions occur
and therefore it helps us check if an element exists in a string in O(1)
time complexity with constant space. */
#include
using namespace std;
char* removeDuplicates(char *s,int n){
unordered_map exists;
int index = 0;
for(int i=0;i
输出:
geksfor
时间复杂度: O(n * n)
辅助空间: O(1)
保持元素的顺序与输入相同。
方法 2(使用 BST)
使用实现自平衡二叉搜索树的集合。
C++
// CPP program to remove duplicate character
// from character array and print in sorted
// order
#include
using namespace std;
char *removeDuplicate(char str[], int n)
{
// create a set using string characters
// excluding '�'
sets (str, str+n-1);
// print content of the set
int i = 0;
for (auto x : s)
str[i++] = x;
str[i] = '�';
return str;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
char str[]= "geeksforgeeks";
int n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
cout << removeDuplicate(str, n);
return 0;
}
输出:
efgkors
时间复杂度:O(n Log n)
辅助空间:O(n)
感谢Anivesh Tiwari提出这种方法。
它不会保持元素的顺序与输入相同,而是按排序顺序打印它们。
方法 3(使用排序)
算法:
1) Sort the elements.
2) Now in a loop, remove duplicates by comparing the
current character with previous character.
3) Remove extra characters at the end of the resultant string.
例子:
Input string: geeksforgeeks
1) Sort the characters
eeeefggkkorss
2) Remove duplicates
efgkorskkorss
3) Remove extra characters
efgkors
请注意,此方法不保留输入字符串的原始顺序。例如,如果我们要删除 geeksforgeeks 的重复项并保持字符顺序相同,那么输出应该是 geksfor,但上面的函数返回 efgkos。我们可以通过存储原始订单来修改此方法。
执行:
C++
// C++ program to remove duplicates, the order of
// characters is not maintained in this program
#include
using namespace std;
/* Function to remove duplicates in a sorted array */
char *removeDupsSorted(char *str)
{
int res_ind = 1, ip_ind = 1;
/* In place removal of duplicate characters*/
while (*(str + ip_ind))
{
if (*(str + ip_ind) != *(str + ip_ind - 1))
{
*(str + res_ind) = *(str + ip_ind);
res_ind++;
}
ip_ind++;
}
/* After above step string is efgkorskkorss.
Removing extra kkorss after string*/
*(str + res_ind) = '�';
return str;
}
/* Function removes duplicate characters from the string
This function work in-place and fills null characters
in the extra space left */
char *removeDups(char *str)
{
int n = strlen(str);
// Sort the character array
sort(str, str+n);
// Remove duplicates from sorted
return removeDupsSorted(str);
}
/* Driver program to test removeDups */
int main()
{
char str[] = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << removeDups(str);
return 0;
}
输出:
efgkors
时间复杂度: O(n log n) 如果我们使用一些 nlogn 排序算法而不是快速排序。
辅助空间: O(1)
方法 4(使用散列)
算法:
1: Initialize:
str = "test string" /* input string */
ip_ind = 0 /* index to keep track of location of next
character in input string */
res_ind = 0 /* index to keep track of location of
next character in the resultant string */
bin_hash[0..255] = {0,0, ….} /* Binary hash to see if character is
already processed or not */
2: Do following for each character *(str + ip_ind) in input string:
(a) if bin_hash is not set for *(str + ip_ind) then
// if program sees the character *(str + ip_ind) first time
(i) Set bin_hash for *(str + ip_ind)
(ii) Move *(str + ip_ind) to the resultant string.
This is done in-place.
(iii) res_ind++
(b) ip_ind++
/* String obtained after this step is "te stringing" */
3: Remove extra characters at the end of the resultant string.
/* String obtained after this step is "te string" */
执行:
C++
#include
using namespace std;
# define NO_OF_CHARS 256
# define bool int
/* Function removes duplicate characters from the string
This function work in-place and fills null characters
in the extra space left */
char *removeDups(char str[])
{
bool bin_hash[NO_OF_CHARS] = {0};
int ip_ind = 0, res_ind = 0;
char temp;
/* In place removal of duplicate characters*/
while (*(str + ip_ind))
{
temp = *(str + ip_ind);
if (bin_hash[temp] == 0)
{
bin_hash[temp] = 1;
*(str + res_ind) = *(str + ip_ind);
res_ind++;
}
ip_ind++;
}
/* After above step string is stringiittg.
Removing extra iittg after string*/
*(str+res_ind) = '�';
return str;
}
/* Driver code */
int main()
{
char str[] = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << removeDups(str);
return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra
输出:
geksfor
时间复杂度: O(n)
要点:
- 方法 2 不会将字符保留为原始字符串,但方法 4 会。
- 假设输入字符串中可能的字符数为 256。 NO_OF_CHARS 应相应更改。
- calloc() 代替 malloc() 用于计数数组 (count) 的内存分配,以将分配的内存初始化为“�”。也可以使用 malloc() 后跟 memset()。
- 如果给定数组中整数的范围,上述算法也适用于整数数组输入。一个示例问题是在输入数组仅包含 1000 到 1100 之间的整数的情况下找到输入数组中的最大出现数
方法 5 (使用IndexOf()方法):
先决条件: Java IndexOf()方法
C++
// C++ program to create a unique string
#include
using namespace std;
// Function to make the string unique
string unique(string s)
{
string str;
int len = s.length();
// loop to traverse the string and
// check for repeating chars using
// IndexOf() method in Java
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
// character at i'th index of s
char c = s[i];
// If c is present in str, it returns
// the index of c, else it returns npos
auto found = str.find(c);
if (found == std::string::npos)
{
// Adding c to str if npos is returned
str += c;
}
}
return str;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
// Input string with repeating chars
string s = "geeksforgeeks";
cout << unique(s) << endl;
}
// This code is contributed by nirajgusain5
输出:
geksfor
感谢debjitdbb提出这种方法。
方法 6 (使用unordered_map STL方法):
先决条件: unordered_map STL C++ 方法
C++
// C++ program to create a unique string using unordered_map
/* access time in unordered_map on is O(1) generally if no collisions occur
and therefore it helps us check if an element exists in a string in O(1)
time complexity with constant space. */
#include
using namespace std;
char* removeDuplicates(char *s,int n){
unordered_map exists;
int index = 0;
for(int i=0;i
输出:
geksfor
时间复杂度: O(n)
辅助空间: O(n)
谢谢, Allen James Vinoy提出了这种方法。
有关详细信息,请参阅有关从给定字符串中删除重复项的完整文章!