如何在 PyGame 中获得键盘输入？

在使用Python 的pygame 模块时，我们有时需要使用键盘输入进行各种操作，例如向某个方向移动字符。为了实现这一点，我们必须看到所有发生的事件。 Pygame 会跟踪发生的事件，我们可以通过 events.get()函数查看这些事件。在本文中，我们将讨论如何在 pygame 中获取和使用各种键盘输入。

检测是否按下了某个键：

每当按下或释放一个键时， pygame.event() 队列方法 pygame.KEYDOWN 和 pygame.KEYUP 事件分别。

例如，如果我们想检测一个键是否被按下，我们将跟踪 pygame.KEYDOWN 的任何事件是否发生，因此，我们将知道是否有任何键被按下。检测是否有按键按下的代码可以写成：

Python

# importing pygame module
import pygame
 
# importing sys module
import sys
 
# initialising pygame
pygame.init()
 
# creating display
display = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
 
# creating a running loop
while True:
       
    # creating a loop to check events that
    # are occuring
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
         
        # checking if keydown event happened or not
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
           
            # if keydown event happened
            # than printing a string to output
            print("A key has been pressed")

输出：

运行此代码后，可以看到每当按下一个键时，终端上都会打印一个字符串“A key has been press”

检测按下了哪个键：

要知道按下了哪个键，我们必须检查 event.key 变量对应于哪些 pygame 键。例如，字母“A”的 pygame 键是“K_a”，那么我们将 event.Key 与 K a 进行比较，如果相同，则表示按下了键“A”。

各种键盘键和相应的 pygame 键是：

pygamekey	Description
K_BACKSPACE	backspace
K_TAB	tab
K_CLEAR	clear
K_RETURN	return
K_PAUSE	pause
K_ESCAPE	escape
K_SPACE	space
K_EXCLAIM	exclaim
K_HASH	hash
K_QUOTEDBL	quotedbl
K_DOLLAR	dollar
K_AMPERSAND	ampersand
K_QUOTE	quote
K_LEFTPAREN	left parenthesis
K_RIGHTPAREN	right parenthesis
K_ASTERISK	asterisk
K_PLUS	plus sign
K_COMMA	comma
K_MINUS	minus sign
K_PERIOD	period
K_SLASH	forward slash
K_0	0
K_1	1
K_2	2
K_3	3
K_4	4
K_5	5
K_6	6
K_7	7
K_8	8
K_9	9
K_COLON	colon
K_SEMICOLON	semicolon
K_LESS	less-than sign
K_EQUALS	equals sign
K_GREATER	greater-than sign
K_QUESTION	question mark
K_AT	at
K_LEFTBRACKET	left bracket
K_BACKSLASH	backslash
K_RIGHTBRACKET	right bracket
K_CARET	caret
K_UNDERSCORE	underscore
K_BACKQUOTE	grave
K_a,b,c…….z	A to Z Alphabet
K_DELETE	delete
K_KP0, K_KP1, K_KP2….K_KP9	keypad 0 to 9
K_KP_PERIOD	keypad period
K_KP_DIVIDE	keypad divide
K_KP_MULTIPLY	keypad multiply
K_KP_MINUS	keypad minus
K_KP_PLUS	keypad plus
K_KP_ENTER	keypad enter
K_KP_EQUALS	keypad equals
K_UP	up arrow
K_DOWN	down arrow
K_RIGHT	right arrow
K_LEFT	Left arrow
K_INSERT	Insert
K_HOME	Home
K_END	End
K_PAGEUP	Page Up
K_PAGEDOWN	Page Down
K_F1, K_F2, K_F3……K_F15	F1 to F15
K_NUMLOCK	Numlock
K_CAPSLOCK	Capsloack
K_SCROLLOCK	Scrollock
K_RSHIFT	Right shift
K_LSHIFT	Left shift
K_RCTRL	right control
K_LCTRL	Left control
K_RALT	Right alt
K_LALT	Left alt
K_RMETA	right meta
K_LMETA	left meta
K_LSUPER	left Windows key
K_RSUPER	right Windows key
K_MODE	mode shift
K_HELP	Help
K_PRINT	Print Screen
K_SYSREQ	sysrq
K_BREAK	Break
K_MENU	Menu
K_POWER	Power
K_EURO	Euro

例如，让我们创建一个代码来检查是否按下了键“A”或“J”或“P”或“M”。检查代码将是：

Python

# importing pygame module
import pygame
 
# importing sys module
import sys
 
# initialising pygame
pygame.init()
 
# creating display
display = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
 
# creating a running loop
while True:
       
    # creating a loop to check events that
    # are occuring
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
         
        # checking if keydown event happened or not
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
               
            # checking if key "A" was pressed
            if event.key == pygame.K_a:
                print("Key A has been pressed")
               
            # checking if key "J" was pressed
            if event.key == pygame.K_j:
                print("Key J has been pressed")
               
            # checking if key "P" was pressed
            if event.key == pygame.K_p:
                print("Key P has been pressed")
             
            # checking if key "M" was pressed
            if event.key == pygame.K_m:
                print("Key M has been pressed")

输出：

当我们运行这段代码并按下给定的键时，相应的字符串将打印在终端上。