Python|使用 Turtle 绘制斐波那契螺旋分形
什么是分形几何?
分形几何是数学函数或由数学函数生成的一组数字的一种特殊形式的图形表示。它是一个递归的、详细的和无限自相似的数学集合。这些几何表示表现出“展开对称” 。展开对称性是几何结构在极小范围内保持自相似图案的特性。
我们知道斐波那契数列遵循递归关系f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) ,其中 n 是数列中的第 n 项。再次 f(0) = 0, f(1) = 1
绘制斐波那契分形的方法
系列中的每个数字代表正方形边的长度。边长为 0 的正方形不存在。所以我们从边长为 1 的正方形开始。下一个正方形也是边长为 1 的正方形。
- 我们首先并排构建两个维度为 1 的正方形,如下图所示。
- 然后取两个正方形的联合长度,我们在两个维度为 1 的正方形下方构造第三个正方形。现在正方形的维度为 2
- 再次分别取 2 个维度 1 和 2 的正方形,我们构造了维度 3 的第四个正方形
- 尽管我们继续这个过程进行了少量迭代,但这个过程一直持续到无穷大。
完成绘制正方形后,我们从最里面的最小正方形开始。然后我们在正方形内绘制连续的象限,每个正方形的边为半径。
下面是实现:
Python3
# Python program for Plotting Fibonacci
# spiral fractal using Turtle
import turtle
import math
def fiboPlot(n):
a = 0
b = 1
square_a = a
square_b = b
# Setting the colour of the plotting pen to blue
x.pencolor("blue")
# Drawing the first square
x.forward(b * factor)
x.left(90)
x.forward(b * factor)
x.left(90)
x.forward(b * factor)
x.left(90)
x.forward(b * factor)
# Proceeding in the Fibonacci Series
temp = square_b
square_b = square_b + square_a
square_a = temp
# Drawing the rest of the squares
for i in range(1, n):
x.backward(square_a * factor)
x.right(90)
x.forward(square_b * factor)
x.left(90)
x.forward(square_b * factor)
x.left(90)
x.forward(square_b * factor)
# Proceeding in the Fibonacci Series
temp = square_b
square_b = square_b + square_a
square_a = temp
# Bringing the pen to starting point of the spiral plot
x.penup()
x.setposition(factor, 0)
x.seth(0)
x.pendown()
# Setting the colour of the plotting pen to red
x.pencolor("red")
# Fibonacci Spiral Plot
x.left(90)
for i in range(n):
print(b)
fdwd = math.pi * b * factor / 2
fdwd /= 90
for j in range(90):
x.forward(fdwd)
x.left(1)
temp = a
a = b
b = temp + b
# Here 'factor' signifies the multiplicative
# factor which expands or shrinks the scale
# of the plot by a certain factor.
factor = 1
# Taking Input for the number of
# Iterations our Algorithm will run
n = int(input('Enter the number of iterations (must be > 1): '))
# Plotting the Fibonacci Spiral Fractal
# and printing the corresponding Fibonacci Number
if n > 0:
print("Fibonacci series for", n, "elements :")
x = turtle.Turtle()
x.speed(100)
fiboPlot(n)
turtle.done()
else:
print("Number of iterations must be > 0")
输出: