Python数字、类型转换和数学
先决条件: Python语言介绍
Python是一种通用的解释型、交互式、面向对象的高级编程语言。它是由 Guido van Rossum 创建的。它是一种开源编程语言。
Python中的数字类型
Python共有三种数字类型:
- 整数
- 漂浮
- 复杂的
由于Python是一种松散类型的语言,我们不需要定义变量。数字类型的变量是在您为其分配值时创建的。
例子 :
Python3
# int
var1 = 3
# float
var2 = 3.14
# complex
var3 = 3j
# type() method return the
# data type of the variable
print(type(var1))
print(type(var2))
print(type(var3))
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate Type conversion
var1 = 3.14
# type conversion of float to int .
var2 = int(var1)
print ("After converting float to integer : ", var2)
print ("type : ",type(var2))
# type conversion of string to integer
var3 = "323"
var4 = int(var3)
print ("After converting string to integer : ", var4)
print ("type : ",type(var4))
Python3
a = 50
b = 30
# Addition of numbers
add = a + b
# Subtraction of numbers
sub = a - b
# Multiplication of number
mul = a * b
# Division of number
div1 = a / b
# Division of number
div2 = a // b
# Modulo of both number
mod = a % b
# Power
p = a ** b
# print results
print(add)
print(sub)
print(mul)
print(div1)
print(div2)
print(mod)
print(p)
Python3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# ceil() and floor()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = 2.3
# returning the ceil of 2.3
print ("The ceil of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.ceil(a))
# returning the floor of 2.3
print ("The floor of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.floor(a))
Python3
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = -10
b = 5.5
c = 15
d = 5
# returning the copysigned value.
print ("The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : ", end="")
print (math.copysign(5.5, -10))
# returning the gcd of 15 and 5
print ("The gcd of 5 and 15 is : ", end="")
print (math.gcd(5,15))
Python3
# importing "random" for random operations
import random
# using random() to generate a random number
# between 0 and 1
print ("A random number between 0 and 1 is : ", end="")
print (random.random())
输出:
类型转换
将一种数据类型(整数、字符串、浮点数等)的值转换为另一种数据类型称为类型转换。
例子:
蟒蛇3
# Python code to demonstrate Type conversion
var1 = 3.14
# type conversion of float to int .
var2 = int(var1)
print ("After converting float to integer : ", var2)
print ("type : ",type(var2))
# type conversion of string to integer
var3 = "323"
var4 = int(var3)
print ("After converting string to integer : ", var4)
print ("type : ",type(var4))
输出:
After converting float to integer : 3
type :
After converting string to integer : 323
type :
数的算术运算
您可以使用各种方法对数字进行加、减、乘和除。 operator description example+ Addition Add values on either side of the operator. 2 + 3 = 5 – Subtraction Subtracts right-hand value from left hand value. 3 – 2 = 1 * Multiplication Multiply values on either side of the operator 2 * 3 = 6 / Division Divides two operands 3 / 2 = 1.5 % Modulus Divides two operands and returns remainder 3 / 2 =1 ** Exponent Perform power operation 3 ** 2 = 9 // Floor Division 3 // 2 = 1
例子:
蟒蛇3
a = 50
b = 30
# Addition of numbers
add = a + b
# Subtraction of numbers
sub = a - b
# Multiplication of number
mul = a * b
# Division of number
div1 = a / b
# Division of number
div2 = a // b
# Modulo of both number
mod = a % b
# Power
p = a ** b
# print results
print(add)
print(sub)
print(mul)
print(div1)
print(div2)
print(mod)
print(p)
输出:
80
20
1500
1.6666666666666667
1
20
931322574615478515625000000000000000000000000000000
数学函数:
数学模块有一组数学函数,其中一些在下面讨论。 Method Descriptionmath.sqrt() Returns the square root of a number math.pow() Returns the value of x to the power of y math.perm() Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items with order and without repetition math.gcd() Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers math.floor() Rounds a number down to the nearest integer math.ceil() Rounds a number up to the nearest integer math.factorial() Returns the factorial of a number
示例 1:
蟒蛇3
# Python code to demonstrate the working of
# ceil() and floor()
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = 2.3
# returning the ceil of 2.3
print ("The ceil of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.ceil(a))
# returning the floor of 2.3
print ("The floor of 2.3 is : ", end="")
print (math.floor(a))
输出:
The ceil of 2.3 is : 3
The floor of 2.3 is : 2
示例 2:
蟒蛇3
# importing "math" for mathematical operations
import math
a = -10
b = 5.5
c = 15
d = 5
# returning the copysigned value.
print ("The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : ", end="")
print (math.copysign(5.5, -10))
# returning the gcd of 15 and 5
print ("The gcd of 5 and 15 is : ", end="")
print (math.gcd(5,15))
输出:
The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : -5.5
The gcd of 5 and 15 is : 5
要了解有关数学函数的更多信息,您可以参考 Geekforgeeks 上的这篇文章
随机数:
在Python中,我们有一组用于生成随机数的函数。这些功能用于游戏和彩票应用程序。
随机库中的方法:
- 选择()
- 随机数()
- 随机的
- 种子()
例子:
蟒蛇3
# importing "random" for random operations
import random
# using random() to generate a random number
# between 0 and 1
print ("A random number between 0 and 1 is : ", end="")
print (random.random())
输出:
A random number between 0 and 1 is : 0.8548698466875713
geeksforgeeks 中有一篇关于随机数的详细文章。你可以参考这里的文章。