📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:35:09.234000             🧑  作者: Mango
StAX(Streaming API for XML)是一种用于解析、生成和操作XML文档的Java API。与DOM相比,StAX更轻量级,更适合处理大型XML文档。StAX支持XML文档的逐个元素处理,因此能够在解析过程中有效地处理大型XML文档。
本文将介绍如何使用StAX分析器修改XML文档。
本文假设您已经熟悉XML文档的基础知识,并且已经安装并了解了Java编程语言。
首先,我们需要创建一个XML文档,供后续的操作使用。以下是一个基本的XML文档示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
<book id="bk101">
<author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
<title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
<genre>Computer</genre>
<price>44.95</price>
<publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
<description>An in-depth look at creating applications
with XML.</description>
</book>
<book id="bk102">
<author>Ralls, Kim</author>
<title>Midnight Rain</title>
<genre>Fantasy</genre>
<price>5.95</price>
<publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>
<description>A former architect battles corporate zombies,
an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen
of the world.</description>
</book>
<book id="bk103">
<author>Corets, Eva</author>
<title>Maeve Ascendant</title>
<genre>Fantasy</genre>
<price>5.95</price>
<publish_date>2000-11-17</publish_date>
<description>After the collapse of a nanotechnology
society in England, the young survivors lay the
foundation for a new society.</description>
</book>
</catalog>
将此文本保存为“catalog.xml”文件。
然后,我们将使用StAX分析器读取“catalog.xml”文件,以便稍后可以修改它。以下是一个基本的读取XML文档的示例代码:
import javax.xml.stream.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadXML {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventReader eventReader = factory.createXMLEventReader(new FileReader("catalog.xml"));
while (eventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent event = eventReader.nextEvent();
if (event.isStartElement()) {
StartElement startElement = event.asStartElement();
System.out.print(startElement.getName().getLocalPart() + ": ");
} else if (event.isCharacters()) {
Characters characters = event.asCharacters();
System.out.println(characters.getData());
}
}
}
}
此代码将XML文档逐行读取,并在控制台输出每个元素的名称和值。
现在,我们将修改XML文档。以下是一个示例代码,该代码将“catalog.xml”文件中的第一本书的价格从“44.95”更改为“49.95”:
import javax.xml.stream.*;
import javax.xml.stream.events.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ModifyXML {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Create a new XMLInputFactory and XMLEventReader to read the input file
XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventReader eventReader = factory.createXMLEventReader(new FileReader("catalog.xml"));
// Create a new XMLOutputFactory and XMLEventWriter to write the output file
XMLOutputFactory outputFactory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventWriter eventWriter = outputFactory.createXMLEventWriter(new FileWriter("modified-catalog.xml"));
// Use a flag to indicate whether we've already changed the price for the first book
boolean changedPrice = false;
while (eventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent event = eventReader.nextEvent();
// If we find the start element for "price" and it's the first book, change the value
if (event.isStartElement()) {
StartElement startElement = event.asStartElement();
if (startElement.getName().getLocalPart().equals("price") && !changedPrice) {
Attribute id = startElement.getAttributes().next();
String bookID = id.getValue();
if (bookID.equals("bk101")) {
eventWriter.add(event);
event = eventReader.nextEvent();
event = eventReader.nextEvent();
eventWriter.add(outputFactory.createCharacters("49.95"));
eventWriter.add(event);
changedPrice = true;
}
}
}
// Write out the current event
eventWriter.add(event);
}
// Clean up
eventReader.close();
eventWriter.close();
}
}
此代码将从“catalog.xml”文件读取XML文档,并将修改后的XML写回到新文件“modified-catalog.xml”中。注意如何使用StAX API遍历文档并修改价格元素的值。
本文介绍了如何使用StAX分析器读取和修改XML文档。StAX API提供了灵活的、轻量级的方法来处理大型XML文档,逐个元素地分析和修改XML文档。使用StAX API,您可以轻松地获取和操作XML文档中的数据。