📅  最后修改于: 2020-12-25 04:41:19             🧑  作者: Mango
可以在扩展的帮助下添加现有类,结构或枚举类型的功能。可以在扩展中添加类型功能,但扩展不能覆盖该功能。
Swift扩展功能–
扩展用关键字“ extension”声明
extension SomeType {
// new functionality can be added here
}
现有类型也可以添加扩展名以使其成为协议标准,并且其语法类似于类或结构的语法。
extension SomeType: SomeProtocol, AnotherProtocol {
// protocol requirements is described here
}
计算的“实例”和“类型”属性也可以借助扩展来扩展。
extension Int {
var add: Int {return self + 100 }
var sub: Int { return self - 10 }
var mul: Int { return self * 10 }
var div: Int { return self / 5 }
}
let addition = 3.add
print("Addition is \(addition)")
let subtraction = 120.sub
print("Subtraction is \(subtraction)")
let multiplication = 39.mul
print("Multiplication is \(multiplication)")
let division = 55.div
print("Division is \(division)")
let mix = 30.add + 34.sub
print("Mixed Type is \(mix)")
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
Addition is 103
Subtraction is 110
Multiplication is 390
Division is 11
Mixed Type is 154
Swift 4提供了灵活性,可以通过扩展将新的初始值设定项添加到现有类型。用户可以添加自己的自定义类型以扩展已定义的类型,并且还可以使用其他初始化选项。扩展仅支持init()。扩展不支持deinit()。
struct sum {
var num1 = 100, num2 = 200
}
struct diff {
var no1 = 200, no2 = 100
}
struct mult {
var a = sum()
var b = diff()
}
let calc = mult()
print ("Inside mult block \(calc.a.num1, calc.a.num2)")
print("Inside mult block \(calc.b.no1, calc.b.no2)")
let memcalc = mult(a: sum(num1: 300, num2: 500),b: diff(no1: 300, no2: 100))
print("Inside mult block \(memcalc.a.num1, memcalc.a.num2)")
print("Inside mult block \(memcalc.b.no1, memcalc.b.no2)")
extension mult {
init(x: sum, y: diff) {
let X = x.num1 + x.num2
let Y = y.no1 + y.no2
}
}
let a = sum(num1: 100, num2: 200)
print("Inside Sum Block:\( a.num1, a.num2)")
let b = diff(no1: 200, no2: 100)
print("Inside Diff Block: \(b.no1, b.no2)")
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
Inside mult block (100, 200)
Inside mult block (200, 100)
Inside mult block (300, 500)
Inside mult block (300, 100)
Inside Sum Block:(100, 200)
Inside Diff Block: (200, 100)
借助于扩展,可以将新的实例方法和类型方法进一步添加到子类中。
extension Int {
func topics(summation: () -> ()) {
for _ in 0..
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Extensions Block
Inside Type Casting Block
Inside Type Casting Block
Inside Type Casting Block
topic()函数采用类型为’(summation:()→())’的参数,以指示该函数不接受任何参数,并且不返回任何值。要多次调用该函数,请初始化for块,并初始化对带有topic()的方法的调用。
当实例方法声明为扩展时,也可以更改。
修改自身或其属性的结构和枚举方法必须将实例方法标记为变异,就像从原始实现中变异方法一样。
extension Double {
mutating func square() {
let pi = 3.1415
self = pi * self * self
}
}
var Trial1 = 3.3
Trial1.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial1)")
var Trial2 = 5.8
Trial2.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial2)")
var Trial3 = 120.3
Trial3.square()
print("Area of circle is: \(Trial3)")
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
Area of circle is: 34.210935
Area of circle is: 105.68006
Area of circle is: 45464.070735
通过扩展,也可以向已声明的实例添加新的下标。
extension Int {
subscript(var multtable: Int) -> Int {
var no1 = 1
while multtable > 0 {
no1 *= 10
--multtable
}
return (self / no1) % 10
}
}
print(12[0])
print(7869[1])
print(786543[2])
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
2
6
5
类,结构和枚举实例的嵌套类型也可以借助扩展来扩展。
extension Int {
enum calc {
case add
case sub
case mult
case div
case anything
}
var print: calc {
switch self {
case 0:
return .add
case 1:
return .sub
case 2:
return .mult
case 3:
return .div
default:
return .anything
}
}
}
func result(numb: [Int]) {
for i in numb {
switch i.print {
case .add:
print(" 10 ")
case .sub:
print(" 20 ")
case .mult:
print(" 30 ")
case .div:
print(" 40 ")
default:
print(" 50 ")
}
}
}
result(numb: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7])
当我们使用游乐场运行上述程序时,我们得到以下结果-
10
20
30
40
50
50