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📜  C＃-反思

📅  最后修改于: 2020-12-28 05:13:04             🧑  作者: Mango

反射对象用于在运行时获取类型信息。可以访问正在运行的程序的元数据的类位于System.Reflection命名空间中。

System.Reflection命名空间包含一些类，这些类使您可以获取有关应用程序的信息，并为应用程序动态添加类型，值和对象。

反射的应用

反射具有以下应用程序-

  • 它允许在运行时查看属性信息。

  • 它允许检查装配中的各种类型并实例化这些类型。

  • 它允许后期绑定到方法和属性

  • 它允许在运行时创建新类型，然后使用这些类型执行一些任务。

查看元数据

在上一章中，我们提到使用反射可以查看属性信息。

需要初始化System.Reflection类的MemberInfo对象，以发现与类关联的属性。为此，您将目标类的对象定义为-

System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);

以下程序演示了这一点-

using System;

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)]
public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute {
   public readonly string Url;
   
   public string Topic   // Topic is a named parameter {
      get {
         return topic;
      }
      set {
         topic = value;
      }
   }
   public HelpAttribute(string url)   // url is a positional parameter {
      this.Url = url;
   }
   private string topic;
}

[HelpAttribute("Information on the class MyClass")]
class MyClass {

}

namespace AttributeAppl {
   class Program {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
         System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
         object[] attributes = info.GetCustomAttributes(true);
         
         for (int i = 0; i < attributes.Length; i++) {
            System.Console.WriteLine(attributes[i]);
         }
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

编译并运行它时，它将显示附加到类MyClass的自定义属性的名称-

HelpAttribute

例

在此示例中，我们使用上一章中创建的DeBugInfo属性，并使用反射来读取Rectangle类中的元数据。

现场演示
using System;
using System.Reflection;

namespace BugFixApplication {
   //a custom attribute BugFix to be assigned to a class and its members
   [AttributeUsage(
      AttributeTargets.Class |
      AttributeTargets.Constructor |
      AttributeTargets.Field |
      AttributeTargets.Method |
      AttributeTargets.Property,
      AllowMultiple = true)]

   public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute {
      private int bugNo;
      private string developer;
      private string lastReview;
      public string message;
      
      public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d) {
         this.bugNo = bg;
         this.developer = dev;
         this.lastReview = d;
      }
      public int BugNo {
         get {
            return bugNo;
         }
      }
      public string Developer {
         get {
            return developer;
         }
      }
      public string LastReview {
         get {
            return lastReview;
         }
      }
      public string Message {
         get {
            return message;
         }
         set {
            message = value;
         }
      }
   }
   [DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")]
   [DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012", Message = "Unused variable")]
   
   class Rectangle {
      //member variables
      protected double length;
      protected double width;
      
      public Rectangle(double l, double w) {
         length = l;
         width = w;
      }
      [DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")]
      public double GetArea() {
         return length * width;
      }
      [DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")]
      public void Display() {
         Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
         Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
         Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
      }
   }//end class Rectangle
   
   class ExecuteRectangle {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
         Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5);
         r.Display();
         Type type = typeof(Rectangle);
         
         //iterating through the attribtues of the Rectangle class
         foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false)) {
            DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes;
            
            if (null != dbi) {
               Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo);
               Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
               Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview);
               Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
            }
         }
         
         //iterating through the method attribtues
         foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods()) {
            
            foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true)) {
               DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a;
               
               if (null != dbi) {
                  Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}", dbi.BugNo, m.Name);
                  Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
                  Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview);
                  Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
               }
            }
         }
         Console.ReadLine();
      }
   }
}

编译并执行上述代码后，将产生以下结果-

Length: 4.5
Width: 7.5
Area: 33.75
Bug No: 49
Developer: Nuha Ali
Last Reviewed: 10/10/2012
Remarks: Unused variable
Bug No: 45
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 12/8/2012
Remarks: Return type mismatch
Bug No: 55, for Method: GetArea
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012
Remarks: Return type mismatch
Bug No: 56, for Method: Display
Developer: Zara Ali
Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012
Remarks: