Python|根据给定的字符串列表过滤列表

给定一个列表，任务是根据另一个字符串列表从列表中过滤元素。这些类型的问题在抓取网站时很常见。

例子：

Input:
List_string1 = ['key', 'keys', 'keyword', 'keychain', 'keynote']
List_string2 = ['home/key/1.pdf',
         'home/keys/2.pdf', 
         'home/keyword/3.pdf', 
         'home/keychain/4.pdf',
         'home/Desktop/5.pdf', 
         'home/keynote/6.pdf']
Output:
['home/Desktop/5.pdf']

Explanation: We filter only those element from 
list_string2 that do not have string in list_string1

以下是实现上述任务的一些方法。

方法#1：使用迭代

# Python code to  filter element from list 
# based on another list of string.
  
# List Initialization
Input = ['key', 'keys', 'keyword', 'keychain', 'keynote']
Input_string = ['home/key/1.pdf',
         'home/keys/2.pdf', 
         'home/keyword/3.pdf', 
         'home/keychain/4.pdf',
         'home/Desktop/5.pdf', 
         'home/keynote/6.pdf']
   
Output = Input_string.copy()
temp = []
  
# Using iteration
for elem in Input_string:
    for n in Input:
        if n in elem:
            temp.append(elem)
  
for elem in temp:
    if elem in Output:
        Output.remove(elem)
  
# Printing
print("List of keywords are:", Input)
print("Given list:", Input_string)
print("filtered list is :", Output)

输出：

List of keywords are: [‘key’, ‘keys’, ‘keyword’, ‘keychain’, ‘keynote’]
Given list: [‘home/key/1.pdf’, ‘home/keys/2.pdf’, ‘home/keyword/3.pdf’, ‘home/keychain/4.pdf’, ‘home/Desktop/5.pdf’, ‘home/keynote/6.pdf’]
filtered list is : [‘home/Desktop/5.pdf’]

方法 #2：使用列表推导

# Python code to  filter element from list 
# based on another list of string.
  
# List Initialization
Input = ['key', 'keys', 'keyword', 'keychain', 'keynote']
Input_string = ['home/key/1.pdf',
         'home/keys/2.pdf', 
         'home/keyword/3.pdf', 
         'home/keychain/4.pdf',
         'home/Desktop/5.pdf', 
         'home/keynote/6.pdf']
  
# Using list comprehension
Output = [b for b in Input_string if
          all(a not in b for a in Input)]
  
# Printing
print("List of keywords are:", Input)
print("Given list:", Input_string)
print("filtered list is :", Output)

输出：

List of keywords are: [‘key’, ‘keys’, ‘keyword’, ‘keychain’, ‘keynote’]
Given list: [‘home/key/1.pdf’, ‘home/keys/2.pdf’, ‘home/keyword/3.pdf’, ‘home/keychain/4.pdf’, ‘home/Desktop/5.pdf’, ‘home/keynote/6.pdf’]
filtered list is : [‘home/Desktop/5.pdf’]