链表的Python库
链表是编程中一种简单的数据结构,显然是用来存储数据并相应地检索数据。为了更容易想象,它更像是一个动态数组,其中数据元素通过指针链接(即当前记录指向它的下一条记录,下一条指向它之后的记录,这种情况一直持续到结构的末端),而不是紧密包装。
链表有两种类型:
- 单链表:在这种情况下,节点指向紧随其后的节点
- 双链表:在这种情况下,节点不仅引用它旁边的节点,还引用它之前的节点。
Python中的链表:
从Python开始,它没有像经典编程语言那样内置链表库。 Python确实有一个作为动态数组工作的内置类型列表,但它的操作不应与链表的典型函数相混淆。这并不意味着不能在Python中实现链表,他们可以,但不会是直截了当的。以下方法可用于在Python中实现链表,因为它没有内置库:
方法一:使用deque()包。
这是Python中的一个内置类,显然用于出队,但可以以在某些条件下像链表一样工作的方式实现。
下面是链表的实现:
Python3
# importing module
import collections
# initialising a deque() of arbitrary length
linked_lst = collections.deque()
# filling deque() with elements
linked_lst.append('first')
linked_lst.append('second')
linked_lst.append('third')
print("elements in the linked_list:")
print(linked_lst)
# adding element at an arbitrary position
linked_lst.insert(1, 'fourth')
print("elements in the linked_list:")
print(linked_lst)
# deleting the last element
linked_lst.pop()
print("elements in the linked_list:")
print(linked_lst)
# removing a specific element
linked_lst.remove('fourth')
print("elements in the linked_list:")
print(linked_lst)
Python3
# importing packages
import llist
from llist import sllist,sllistnode
# creating a singly linked list
lst = sllist(['first','second','third'])
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# adding and inserting values
lst.append('fourth')
node = lst.nodeat(2)
lst.insertafter('fifth',node)
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# popping a value
#i.e. removing the last entry
# of the list
lst.pop()
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# removing a specific element
node = lst.nodeat(1)
lst.remove(node)
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
Python3
import structlinks
from structlinks import LinkedList
# create an empty linked list
lst = LinkedList()
# create a linked list with initial values
lst = LinkedList([1, 10.0, 'string'])
print(lst)
print()
print('Elements of list:')
# elements of the list
element0 = lst[0]
element1 = lst[1]
element2 = lst[2]
print(f'first element : {element0}')
print(f'second element : {element1 }')
print(f'third element : {element2}')
print()
print('Length of list:')
# Length of the list
length = len(lst)
print(f'size of the list : {length}')
print()
print('Set item:')
# Set item
lst[0] = 10
print(f'list after setting lst[0] to 10 : {lst}')
print()
print('Append And Insert:')
# Append And Insert
lst.append('another string')
lst.insert(1, 0.0)
print(f'list after appending and inserting: {lst}')
print()
print('Pop and Remove')
# Pop and Remove
element = lst.pop(0)
lst.remove(10.0)
print(f'list after popping and removing : {lst}')
print(f'pop function also returns the element : {element}')
# This code is contributed by eeshannarula29
输出:
elements in the linked_list:
deque(['first', 'second', 'third'])
elements in the linked_list:
deque(['first', 'fourth', 'second', 'third'])
elements in the linked_list:
deque(['first', 'fourth', 'second'])
elements in the linked_list:
deque(['first', 'second'])
何时使用 deque() 作为链表?
- 只需要分别在前后插入和删除元素。从中间插入和删除元素变得非常耗时。
- 原地反转,因为Python现在允许在原地反转元素。
- 存储优先于性能,并非所有元素都有自己的单独节点
方法二:使用llist包。
llist是 CPython 的扩展模块,提供基本的链表数据结构。类型在您的命令行中的以下命令中给出:
pip install llist
下面是链表的实现:
Python3
# importing packages
import llist
from llist import sllist,sllistnode
# creating a singly linked list
lst = sllist(['first','second','third'])
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# adding and inserting values
lst.append('fourth')
node = lst.nodeat(2)
lst.insertafter('fifth',node)
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# popping a value
#i.e. removing the last entry
# of the list
lst.pop()
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
# removing a specific element
node = lst.nodeat(1)
lst.remove(node)
print(lst)
print(lst.first)
print(lst.last)
print(lst.size)
print()
输出:
sllist([first, second, third])
sllistnode(first)
sllistnode(third)
3
sllist([first, second, third, fifth, fourth])
sllistnode(first)
sllistnode(fourth)
5
sllist([first, second, third, fifth])
sllistnode(first)
sllistnode(fifth)
4
sllist([first, third, fifth])
sllistnode(first)
sllistnode(fifth)
3
方法三:使用StructLinks包
StructLinks 用于轻松访问和可视化不同的数据结构,包括链表、双链表、二叉树、图、堆栈和队列。
structlinks.LinkedList 和 structlinks.DoublyLikedList 模块可用于制作链表。可以使用列表执行的所有操作也可以使用 structlinks.LinkedList 类执行。
点击进入文档
在命令行中键入命令:
pip install structlinks
下面是链表部分方法的实现:
Python3
import structlinks
from structlinks import LinkedList
# create an empty linked list
lst = LinkedList()
# create a linked list with initial values
lst = LinkedList([1, 10.0, 'string'])
print(lst)
print()
print('Elements of list:')
# elements of the list
element0 = lst[0]
element1 = lst[1]
element2 = lst[2]
print(f'first element : {element0}')
print(f'second element : {element1 }')
print(f'third element : {element2}')
print()
print('Length of list:')
# Length of the list
length = len(lst)
print(f'size of the list : {length}')
print()
print('Set item:')
# Set item
lst[0] = 10
print(f'list after setting lst[0] to 10 : {lst}')
print()
print('Append And Insert:')
# Append And Insert
lst.append('another string')
lst.insert(1, 0.0)
print(f'list after appending and inserting: {lst}')
print()
print('Pop and Remove')
# Pop and Remove
element = lst.pop(0)
lst.remove(10.0)
print(f'list after popping and removing : {lst}')
print(f'pop function also returns the element : {element}')
# This code is contributed by eeshannarula29
输出:
[1 -> 10.0 -> string]
Elements of list:
1
10.0
string
Length of list:
3
Set item:
list after setting lst[0] to 10 : [10 -> 10.0 -> string]
Append and Insert:
list after appending and inserting: [10 -> 0.0 -> 10 -> string -> another string]
Pop and Remove:
list after poping and removing: [0.0 -> string -> another string]