黑杰克游戏介绍

黑杰克是一种流行的赌博游戏，也是一种常用于教学的纸牌游戏。该游戏需要一副或多副牌，目的是使手中的牌点数之和不超过21点、尽量大。点数相加超过21点，则为输。

游戏规则

1. 玩家先下注，庄家发牌
2. 玩家可以选择要牌或停牌
3. 如果玩家选择要牌，庄家继续发牌，直到玩家停牌、点数超过21、或点数为21
4. 如果庄家点数小于17点，则庄家必须继续要牌，直到点数大于等于17点
5. 如果庄家点数超过21点，则庄家输，玩家赢
6. 如果玩家点数超过21点，则玩家输，庄家赢
7. 如果玩家和庄家点数相同，则为平局
8. 玩家可以选择加倍、分牌等特殊策略，以增加胜率

操作指南

基本指令

• hit：要牌
• stand：停牌
• double：加倍
• surrender：投降
• split：分牌

特殊策略

以下是一些常用的特殊策略，可以根据情况选择使用。

• 通过计数器进行纸牌数目统计，以确定保险下注
• 学会分析底牌概率，以获得赢面
• 根据庄家的明牌类型，采取相应的取牌方法

编程实现

实现黑杰克游戏的方式有很多，可以采用命令行交互式程序、图形界面等方式。

标准Python实现

以下为标准Python实现一个简单的黑杰克游戏。该程序采用命令行交互方式，玩家可以通过输入相应的指令进行游戏。

# 定义全局变量
suits = ('♠', '♡', '♢', '♣')
ranks = ('2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A')
values = {'2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9, '10': 10, 'J': 10, 'Q': 10, 'K': 10, 'A': 11}
playing = True

# 定义牌类
class Card:
    def __init__(self, suit, rank):
        self.suit = suit
        self.rank = rank

    def __str__(self):
        return self.rank + self.suit

# 定义牌堆类
class Deck:
    def __init__(self):
        self.deck = []
        for suit in suits:
            for rank in ranks:
                self.deck.append(Card(suit, rank))

    def __str__(self):
        deck_comp = ''
        for card in self.deck:
            deck_comp += '\n' + card.__str__()
        return '牌堆组成：' + deck_comp

    def shuffle(self):
        random.shuffle(self.deck)

    def deal(self):
        return self.deck.pop()

# 定义手牌类
class Hand:
    def __init__(self):
        self.cards = []
        self.value = 0
        self.aces = 0

    def add_card(self, card):
        self.cards.append(card)
        self.value += values[card.rank]
        if card.rank == 'A':
            self.aces += 1

    def adjust_for_ace(self):
        while self.value > 21 and self.aces:
            self.value -= 10
            self.aces -= 1

# 定义筹码类
class Chips:
    def __init__(self, total=100):
        self.total = total
        self.bet = 0

    def win_bet(self):
        self.total += self.bet

    def lose_bet(self):
        self.total -= self.bet

# 定义下注函数
def take_bet(chips):
    while True:
        try:
            chips.bet = int(input('请输入下注数量：'))
        except ValueError:
            print('请输入数字！')
        else:
            if chips.bet > chips.total:
                print('下注数量不能超过筹码总数：{}'.format(chips.total))
            else:
                break

# 定义要牌函数
def hit(deck, hand):
    hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    hand.adjust_for_ace()

# 定义询问是否要停牌函数
def hit_or_stand(deck, hand):
    global playing

    while True:
        x = input('要牌[h] 或 停牌[s]？').lower()

        if x == 'h':
            hit(deck, hand)
        elif x == 's':
            playing = False
        else:
            print('请输入有效的指令！')
            continue
        break

# 定义显示手牌函数
def show_some(player, dealer):
    print('庄家手牌：')
    print(' <牌面未暴露>')
    print('', dealer.cards[1])
    print('\n玩家手牌：', *player.cards, sep='\n ')

def show_all(player, dealer):
    print('庄家手牌：', *dealer.cards, sep='\n ')
    print('庄家手牌点数：', dealer.value)
    print('\n玩家手牌：', *player.cards, sep='\n ')
    print('玩家手牌点数：', player.value)

# 定义结束游戏函数
def player_busts(player, dealer, chips):
    print('玩家点数超过了21点，玩家输！')
    chips.lose_bet()

def player_wins(player, dealer, chips):
    print('玩家手牌点数{}，庄家手牌点数{}，玩家赢！'.format(player.value, dealer.value))
    chips.win_bet()

def dealer_busts(player, dealer, chips):
    print('庄家手牌点数超过了21点，玩家赢！')
    chips.win_bet()

def dealer_wins(player, dealer, chips):
    print('庄家手牌点数{}，玩家手牌点数{}，庄家赢！'.format(dealer.value, player.value))
    chips.lose_bet()

def push(player, dealer):
    print('玩家和庄家手牌点数相同，平局！')

# 开始游戏
while True:
    # 输出开场语
    print('Welcome to 黑杰克！')
    print('你的筹码数量为：{}'.format(total))

    # 生成并洗牌
    deck = Deck()
    deck.shuffle()

    # 新建手牌及筹码
    player_hand = Hand()
    dealer_hand = Hand()
    player_chips = Chips()

    # 拿到第一张明牌和一张暗牌
    player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())

    # 下注
    take_bet(player_chips)

    # 显示手牌
    show_some(player_hand, dealer_hand)

    while playing:
        # 玩家询问是否要牌或停牌
        hit_or_stand(deck, player_hand)

        # 显示手牌
        show_some(player_hand, dealer_hand)

        # 如果玩家胜利，退出循环，进入结算阶段
        if player_hand.value > 21:
            player_busts(player_hand, dealer_hand, player_chips)
            break

    # 如果玩家没有胜利，则继续庄家要牌
    if player_hand.value <= 21:
        while dealer_hand.value < 17:
            hit(deck, dealer_hand)

        # 显示手牌
        show_all(player_hand, dealer_hand)

        # 结算
        if dealer_hand.value > 21:
            dealer_busts(player_hand, dealer_hand, player_chips)
        elif dealer_hand.value > player_hand.value:
            dealer_wins(player_hand, dealer_hand, player_chips)
        elif dealer_hand.value < player_hand.value:
            player_wins(player_hand, dealer_hand, player_chips)
        else:
            push(player_hand, dealer_hand)

    # 玩家剩余筹码
    print('\n玩家现有筹码数量为：{}'.format(player_chips.total))

    # 再玩一局
    new_game = input('开始新一轮游戏[y/n]？')

    if new_game == 'y':
        playing = True
        continue
    else:
        print('游戏结束，欢迎下次再来！')
        break

该程序定义了牌的类、牌堆的类、手牌的类、筹码的类，并定义了下注、要牌、停牌、结算等一系列函数。玩家可以通过输入更改游戏状态，程序会根据输入的指令对牌的类进行操作，并输出相应的结果。

Pygame实现

需要注意的是，Pygame是一个著名的跨平台游戏开发库，可以实现图形界面。下面是一个参考代码：

import pygame
import random
import time

pygame.init()

# 定义界面大小
width, height = 640, 480
size = width, height
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

# 定义牌堆
suits = ['hearts', 'spades', 'diamonds', 'clubs']
ranks = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'jack', 'queen', 'king', 'ace']
images = {}

# 加载图片
for suit in suits:
    for rank in ranks:
        name = 'static/{}_{}.png'.format(rank, suit)
        images[name] = pygame.image.load(name)

# 定义牌类
class Card:
    def __init__(self, suit, rank):
        self.suit = suit
        self.rank = rank
        self.image = images['static/{}_{}.png'.format(self.rank, self.suit)]

# 定义牌堆类
class Deck:
    def __init__(self):
        self.deck = []
        for suit in suits:
            for rank in ranks:
                self.deck.append(Card(suit, rank))

    def shuffle(self):
        random.shuffle(self.deck)

    def deal(self):
        return self.deck.pop()

# 定义手牌类
class Hand:
    def __init__(self):
        self.cards = []

    def add_card(self, card):
        self.cards.append(card)

    def get_value(self):
        value, aces = 0, 0
        for card in self.cards:
            rank = card.rank
            if rank.isdigit():
                value += int(rank)
            elif rank == 'ace':
                aces += 1
                value += 11
            else:
                value += 10

        while aces and value > 21:
            value -= 10
            aces -= 1

        return value

    def __str__(self):
        return ', '.join([card.rank + ' of ' + card.suit for card in self.cards])

# 定义筹码类
class Chips:
    def __init__(self, total=100):
        self.total = total
        self.bet = 0

    def win_bet(self):
        self.total += self.bet * 2

    def lose_bet(self):
        self.total -= self.bet

# 定义下注函数
def take_bet(chips):
    while True:
        try:
            chips.bet = int(input('请输入下注数量：'))
        except ValueError:
            print('请输入数字！')
        else:
            if chips.bet > chips.total:
                print('下注数量不能超过筹码总数：{}'.format(chips.total))
            else:
                break

deck = Deck()
deck.shuffle()

player_hand = Hand()
dealer_hand = Hand()
player_chips = Chips()

# 发牌
for i in range(2):
    player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())

# 程序开始
running = True

while running:
    # 绘制牌面
    screen.fill((0, 128, 0))
    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)
    txt = font.render('黑杰克', True, (255, 255, 0))
    screen.blit(txt, (width / 2 - txt.get_width() / 2, 10))

    dealer_value = dealer_hand.get_value()
    if len(dealer_hand.cards) > 0:
        screen.blit(dealer_hand.cards[0].image, (20, 80))

    player_value = player_hand.get_value()
    for i, card in enumerate(player_hand.cards):
        screen.blit(card.image, (20 + i * 80, 270))

    # 玩家输入
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

            if x > 200 and x < 280 and y > 400 and y < 460:
                take_bet(player_chips)
            elif x > 360 and x < 440 and y > 400 and y < 460:
                player_hand.add_card(deck.deal())

                if player_hand.get_value() > 21:
                    running = False
                    print('你输了！')
                elif player_hand.get_value() == 21:
                    running = False
                    print('你赢了！')
                    player_chips.win_bet()
            elif x > 520 and x < 600 and y > 400 and y < 460:
                running = False

    # 调用庄家AI
    while dealer_hand.get_value() < 17:
        dealer_hand.add_card(deck.deal())
    if dealer_hand.get_value() > 21:
        running = False
        print('你赢了！')
        player_chips.win_bet()

    # 输出提示
    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)
    txt = font.render('下注', True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(txt, (200, 400))
    txt = font.render('要牌', True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(txt, (360, 400))
    txt = font.render('结束', True, (255, 255, 255))
    screen.blit(txt, (520, 400))
    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
    txt = font.render('庄家点数：{}'.format(dealer_value), True, (0, 0, 0))
    screen.blit(txt, (20, 60))
    txt = font.render('你的点数：{}'.format(player_value), True, (0, 0, 0))
    screen.blit(txt, (20, 240))
    txt = font.render('筹码：{}'.format(player_chips.total), True, (0, 0, 0))
    screen.blit(txt, (460, 240))

    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()

该程序通过Pygame库实现了一个简单的图形界面，并可以实现基本的游戏逻辑。玩家可以通过鼠标点击的方式进行游戏，在界面上输出相应的结果。需要注意的是，Pygame是一款底层的游戏引擎库，对于图形和动画等高级功能需要使用其他 Python 库进行构建。