工作日 VBA

VBA 是一种用于宏编程的语言，可用于在 Microsoft Office 应用程序中自动化操作和创建自定义函数，包括 Excel、Access、Word 等。在日常的数据处理和分析工作中，经常会用到 VBA。

本文将介绍如何使用 VBA 自动计算工作日。

计算工作日

在许多数据处理应用中，需要计算一段时间内的工作日数。下面是一个例子：假设公司每周的工作日从周一到周五，现在需要计算 2019 年 1 月 1 日到 2019 年 1 月 31 日之间的工作日数。

下面是一个 VBA 函数，可以用来计算工作日数：

Function CountWorkdays(startDate As Date, endDate As Date) As Integer
    ' Counts the number of workdays between startDate and
    ' endDate using a range of weekdays stored in an array.

    Dim weekdays(1 To 5) As Integer ' Holds the weekdays

    Dim currentDay As Date ' Tracks the current day
    Dim workdayCount As Integer ' The number of workdays
    Dim i As Integer ' Loop counter 

    weekdays(1) = vbMonday ' Monday
    weekdays(2) = vbTuesday ' Tuesday
    weekdays(3) = vbWednesday ' Wednesday
    weekdays(4) = vbThursday ' Thursday
    weekdays(5) = vbFriday ' Friday

    currentDay = startDate
    workdayCount = 0

    Do While currentDay <= endDate ' Loop through the days
        For i = 1 To 5 ' Loop through the weekdays
            If Weekday(currentDay, weekdays(i)) = weekdays(i) Then
                workdayCount = workdayCount + 1 ' Found a workday
                Exit For ' Found a workday, so exit the loop
            End If
        Next i

        currentDay = currentDay + 1 ' Move to the next day
    Loop

    CountWorkdays = workdayCount ' Return the result
End Function

要调用这个函数，只需要在 Excel 中输入以下公式：

=CountWorkdays(DATE(2019,1,1), DATE(2019,1,31))

这将返回结果 23，即 2019 年 1 月 1 日到 31 日之间共有 23 个工作日。

计算自定义工作日

有时候，我们需要根据实际情况来计算工作日。下面是一个 VBA 函数，可以用来计算一个给定时间段内的自定义工作日数：

Function CountCustomWorkdays(startDate As Date, endDate As Date, workdays As Variant) As Integer
    ' Counts the number of workdays between startDate and
    ' endDate using a range of custom workdays stored in an array.

    Dim currentDay As Date ' Tracks the current day
    Dim workdayCount As Integer ' The number of workdays
    Dim i As Integer ' Loop counter 

    currentDay = startDate
    workdayCount = 0

    Do While currentDay <= endDate ' Loop through the days
        For i = LBound(workdays) To UBound(workdays) ' Loop through the workdays
            If Weekday(currentDay, workdays(i)) = workdays(i) Then
                workdayCount = workdayCount + 1 ' Found a workday
                Exit For ' Found a workday, so exit the loop
            End If
        Next i

        currentDay = currentDay + 1 ' Move to the next day
    Loop

    CountCustomWorkdays = workdayCount ' Return the result
End Function

要调用这个函数，只需要先定义一个包含自定义工作日的数组，再在 Excel 中输入以下公式：

=CountCustomWorkdays(DATE(2019,1,1), DATE(2019,1,31), {1, 3, 5})

这将返回结果 14，即 2019 年 1 月 1 日到 31 日之间共有 14 个工作日，其中周一、周三和周五为工作日。

总结

本文介绍了使用 VBA 自动计算工作日的方法，包括计算工作日和计算自定义工作日。VBA 可以帮助我们自动化繁琐的数据处理和分析工作，提高工作效率和准确性。