集线器、交换机和路由器的区别

1. 集线器：

集线器只是一个连接器，连接来自不同侧面的电线。没有信号处理或再生。它是一种仅在 OSI 模型的物理层上运行的电子设备。

2. 开关：

交换机是一种点对点通信设备。它在 OSI 模型的数据链路层进行运算符。它使用交换表来找出正确的目的地。

3. 路由器：

路由器是多端口设备，与中继器和网桥相比更复杂。它包含一个路由表，使它能够决定路由，即确定源和目的地之间的几条可能路径中的哪一条最适合特定传输。

集线器、交换机和路由器的区别：

Sr. No	Hub	Switch	Router
1.	Hub is a physical layer device i.e. layer 1.	Switch is a data link layer device i.e. layer 2.	Router is a network layer device i.e. layer 3.
2.	A Hub works on the basis of broadcasting.	Switch works on the basis of MAC address.	A router works on the basis of IP address.
3.	A Hub is a multiport repeater in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the output of the all available ports.	A Switch is  a tele-communication  device which receives a message from any device connected to it and then transmits the message only to the device for which the message is intended.	A router reads the header of incoming packet and forward it to the port for which it is intended there by determines the route. It can also perform filtering and encapsulation.
4.	Hub is not an intelligent device that may include amplifier on repeater.	A Switch is an intelligent device as it passes on the message to the selective device by inspecting the address.	A route is more sophisticated and intelligent device as it can read IP address and direct the packets to another network with specified IP address. Moreover routers can built address tables that helps in routing decisions.
5.	At least single network is required to connect.	At least single network is required to connect.	Router needs at least two networks to connect.
6.	Hub is cheaper as compared to switch and router.	Switch is an expensive device than hub.	Router is a relatively much more expensive device than hub and switch.