求出O(sqrt(sqrt(N))中的大完美平方自然数的所有因子

给定一个完美的平方自然数N。任务是找到N的所有因子。

例子

Input: N = 100
Output: 1 2 4 5 10 20 25 50 100

Input: N = 900
Output: 1 2 4 3 6 12 9 18 36 5 10 20 15 30 60 45 90 180 25 50 100 75 150 300 225 450 900

方法：

1. 在温度中找到N的平方根。
2. 使用本文讨论的方法，找到O(sqrt(temp))中所有temp的主要因素。
3. 用元素1初始化一个数组factor [] 。
4. 将以上步骤中获得的所有温度主因子两次存储在array factor []中。
5. 初始化矩阵M ，以使因式[]中的每个元素都从索引1开始：
   • 如果factor [i]等于factor [i-1] ，则将factor [i] * factor [i-1]存储在第i – 1行的矩阵M中。
   • 其他factor [i]不等于factor [i-1] ，然后将factor [i] * factor [i-1]存储在第i行的矩阵M中。
6. 用两个数组中的元素1初始化两个数组arr1 []和arr2 [] 。
7. 遍历矩阵M的每一行，以使arr1 []中的每个元素与当前行中的每个元素的乘积必须存储在arr2 []中。
8. 完成上述步骤后，将arr2 []的每个元素复制到arr1 []中。
9. 重复以上两个步骤，直到遍历矩阵M的所有元素。
10. 数组arr2 []包含数字N的所有因子。

下面是上述方法的实现：

CPP

// C++ program to find the factors
// of large perfect square number
// in O(sqrt(sqrt(N))) time
#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
  
int MAX = 100000;
  
// Function that find all the prime
// factors of N
void findFactors(int N)
{
    // Store the sqrt(N) in temp
    int temp = sqrt(N);
  
    // Initialise factor array with
    // 1 as a factor in it
    int factor[MAX] = { 1 };
    int i, j, k;
    int len1 = 1;
  
    // Check divisibility by 2
    while (temp % 2 == 0) {
  
        // Store the factors twice
        factor[len1++] = 2;
        factor[len1++] = 2;
  
        temp /= 2;
    }
  
    // Check for other prime
    // factors other than 2
    for (j = 3; j < sqrt(temp); j += 2) {
  
        // If j is a prime factor
        while (temp % j == 0) {
  
            // Store the prime
            // factor twice
            factor[len1++] = j;
            factor[len1++] = j;
            temp /= j;
        }
    }
  
    // If j is prime number left
    // other than 2
    if (temp > 2) {
  
        // Store j twice
        factor[len1++] = temp;
        factor[len1++] = temp;
    }
  
    // Intialise Matrix M to
    // to store all the factors
    int M[len1][MAX] = { 0 };
  
    // tpc for rows
    // tpr for column
    int tpc = 0, tpr = 0;
  
    // Initialise M[0][0] = 1 as
    // it also factor of N
    M[0][0] = 1;
    j = 1;
  
    // Traversing factor array
    while (j < len1) {
  
        // If current and previous
        // factors are not same then
        // move to next row and
        // insert the current factor
        if (factor[j] != factor[j - 1]) {
            tpr++;
            M[tpr][0] = factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc = 1;
        }
  
        // If current and previous
        // factors are same then,
        // Insert the factor with
        // previous factor inserted
        // in matrix M
        else {
            M[tpr][tpc]
                = M[tpr][tpc - 1] * factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc++;
        }
    }
  
    // The arr1[] and arr2[] used to
    // store all the factors of N
    int arr1[MAX], arr2[MAX];
    int l1, l2;
    l1 = l2 = 1;
  
    // Initialise arrays as 1
    arr1[0] = arr2[0] = 1;
  
    // Traversing the matrix M
    for (i = 1; i < tpr + 1; i++) {
  
        // Traversing till column
        // element doesn't become 0
        for (j = 0; M[i][j] != 0; j++) {
  
            // Store the product of
            // every element of current
            // row with every element
            // in arr1[]
            for (k = 0; k < l1; k++) {
                arr2[l2++]
                    = arr1[k] * M[i][j];
            }
        }
  
        // Copying every element of
        // arr2[] in arr1[]
        for (j = l1; j < l2; j++) {
            arr1[j] = arr2[j];
        }
  
        // length of arr2[] and arr1[]
        // are equal after copying
        l1 = l2;
    }
  
    // Print all the factors
    for (i = 0; i < l2; i++) {
        cout << arr2[i] << ' ';
    }
}
  
// Drivers Code
int main()
{
    int N = 900;
    findFactors(N);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find the factors
// of large perfect square number
// in O(Math.sqrt(Math.sqrt(N))) time
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG{
   
static int MAX = 100000;
   
// Function that find all the prime
// factors of N
static void findFactors(int N)
{
    // Store the Math.sqrt(N) in temp
    int temp = (int) Math.sqrt(N);
   
    // Initialise factor array with
    // 1 as a factor in it
    int []factor = new int[MAX];
    Arrays.fill(factor, 1);
    int i, j, k;
    int len1 = 1;
   
    // Check divisibility by 2
    while (temp % 2 == 0) {
   
        // Store the factors twice
        factor[len1++] = 2;
        factor[len1++] = 2;
   
        temp /= 2;
    }
   
    // Check for other prime
    // factors other than 2
    for (j = 3; j < Math.sqrt(temp); j += 2) {
   
        // If j is a prime factor
        while (temp % j == 0) {
   
            // Store the prime
            // factor twice
            factor[len1++] = j;
            factor[len1++] = j;
            temp /= j;
        }
    }
   
    // If j is prime number left
    // other than 2
    if (temp > 2) {
   
        // Store j twice
        factor[len1++] = temp;
        factor[len1++] = temp;
    }
   
    // Intialise Matrix M to
    // to store all the factors
    int [][]M = new int[len1][MAX];
   
    // tpc for rows
    // tpr for column
    int tpc = 0, tpr = 0;
   
    // Initialise M[0][0] = 1 as
    // it also factor of N
    M[0][0] = 1;
    j = 1;
   
    // Traversing factor array
    while (j < len1) {
   
        // If current and previous
        // factors are not same then
        // move to next row and
        // insert the current factor
        if (factor[j] != factor[j - 1]) {
            tpr++;
            M[tpr][0] = factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc = 1;
        }
   
        // If current and previous
        // factors are same then,
        // Insert the factor with
        // previous factor inserted
        // in matrix M
        else {
            M[tpr][tpc]
                = M[tpr][tpc - 1] * factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc++;
        }
    }
   
    // The arr1[] and arr2[] used to
    // store all the factors of N
    int []arr1 = new int[MAX];
    int []arr2 = new int[MAX];
    int l1, l2;
    l1 = l2 = 1;
   
    // Initialise arrays as 1
    arr1[0] = arr2[0] = 1;
   
    // Traversing the matrix M
    for (i = 1; i < tpr + 1; i++) {
   
        // Traversing till column
        // element doesn't become 0
        for (j = 0; M[i][j] != 0; j++) {
   
            // Store the product of
            // every element of current
            // row with every element
            // in arr1[]
            for (k = 0; k < l1; k++) {
                arr2[l2++]
                    = arr1[k] * M[i][j];
            }
        }
   
        // Copying every element of
        // arr2[] in arr1[]
        for (j = l1; j < l2; j++) {
            arr1[j] = arr2[j];
        }
   
        // length of arr2[] and arr1[]
        // are equal after copying
        l1 = l2;
    }
   
    // Print all the factors
    for (i = 0; i < l2; i++) {
        System.out.print(arr2[i] + " ");
    }
}
   
// Drivers Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 900;
    findFactors(N);
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991

Python3

# Python 3 program to find the factors
# of large perfect square number
# in O(sqrt(sqrt(N))) time
   
import math
  
MAX = 100000
   
# Function that find all the prime
# factors of N
def findFactors( N):
  
    # Store the sqrt(N) in temp
    temp = int(math.sqrt(N))
   
    # Initialise factor array with
    # 1 as a factor in it
    factor = [1]*MAX
    len1 = 1
   
    # Check divisibility by 2
    while (temp % 2 == 0) :
   
        # Store the factors twice
        factor[len1] = 2
        len1 += 1
        factor[len1] = 2
        len1 += 1
        temp //= 2
        
    # Check for other prime
    # factors other than 2
    sqt = math.sqrt(temp)
     
    for j in range(3, math.ceil(sqt), 2):
   
        # If j is a prime factor
        while (temp % j == 0):
   
            # Store the prime
            # factor twice
            factor[len1] = j
            len1 += 1
            factor[len1] = j
            len1 += 1
            temp //= j
   
    # If j is prime number left
    # other than 2
    if (temp > 2) :
   
        # Store j twice
        factor[len1] = temp
        len1 += 1
        factor[len1] = temp
        len1 += 1
      
    # Intialise Matrix M to
    # to store all the factors
    M = [ [ 0 for x in range(MAX)] for y in range(len1)]
   
    # tpc for rows
    # tpr for column
    tpc , tpr = 0 , 0
   
    # Initialise M[0][0] = 1 as
    # it also factor of N
    M[0][0] = 1
    j = 1
   
    # Traversing factor array
    while (j < len1):
   
        # If current and previous
        # factors are not same then
        # move to next row and
        # insert the current factor
        if (factor[j] != factor[j - 1]):
            tpr+=1
            M[tpr][0] = factor[j]
            j += 1
            tpc = 1
          
        # If current and previous
        # factors are same then,
        # Insert the factor with
        # previous factor inserted
        # in matrix M
        else :
            M[tpr][tpc]= M[tpr][tpc - 1] * factor[j]
            j += 1
            tpc += 1
   
    # The arr1[] and arr2[] used to
    # store all the factors of N
    arr1 = [0]*MAX
    arr2 = [0]*MAX
    l1 = l2 = 1
   
    # Initialise arrays as 1
    arr1[0] = 1
    arr2[0] = 1
   
    # Traversing the matrix M
    # print("tpr ",tpr)
    for i in range(1 , tpr + 1) :
   
        # Traversing till column
        # element doesn't become 0
        j = 0
        while M[i][j] != 0:
   
            # Store the product of
            # every element of current
            # row with every element
            # in arr1[]
            for k in range(l1):
                arr2[l2]= arr1[k] * M[i][j]
                l2 += 1
                      
            j += 1
   
        # Copying every element of
        # arr2[] in arr1[]
        for j in range(l1, l2):
            arr1[j] = arr2[j]
   
        # length of arr2[] and arr1[]
        # are equal after copying
        l1 = l2
          
    # Print all the factors
    for i in range(l2):
        print(arr2[i] ,end= " ")
   
# Drivers Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
      
    N = 900
    findFactors(N)
      
# This code is contributed by chitranayal

C#

// C# program to find the factors
// of large perfect square number
// in O(Math.Sqrt(Math.Sqrt(N))) time
using System;
  
class GFG{
  
static int MAX = 100000;
  
// Function that find all the prime
// factors of N
static void findFactors(int N)
{
    // Store the Math.Sqrt(N) in temp
    int temp = (int) Math.Sqrt(N);
  
    // Initialise factor array with
    // 1 as a factor in it
    int []factor = new int[MAX];
    for(int l= 0; l < MAX; l++)
        factor[l] = 1;
    int i, j, k;
    int len1 = 1;
  
    // Check divisibility by 2
    while (temp % 2 == 0) {
  
        // Store the factors twice
        factor[len1++] = 2;
        factor[len1++] = 2;
  
        temp /= 2;
    }
  
    // Check for other prime
    // factors other than 2
    for (j = 3; j < Math.Sqrt(temp); j += 2) {
  
        // If j is a prime factor
        while (temp % j == 0) {
  
            // Store the prime
            // factor twice
            factor[len1++] = j;
            factor[len1++] = j;
            temp /= j;
        }
    }
  
    // If j is prime number left
    // other than 2
    if (temp > 2) {
  
        // Store j twice
        factor[len1++] = temp;
        factor[len1++] = temp;
    }
  
    // Intialise Matrix M to
    // to store all the factors
    int [,]M = new int[len1, MAX];
  
    // tpc for rows
    // tpr for column
    int tpc = 0, tpr = 0;
  
    // Initialise M[0,0] = 1 as
    // it also factor of N
    M[0, 0] = 1;
    j = 1;
  
    // Traversing factor array
    while (j < len1) {
  
        // If current and previous
        // factors are not same then
        // move to next row and
        // insert the current factor
        if (factor[j] != factor[j - 1]) {
            tpr++;
            M[tpr, 0] = factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc = 1;
        }
  
        // If current and previous
        // factors are same then,
        // Insert the factor with
        // previous factor inserted
        // in matrix M
        else {
            M[tpr,tpc]
                = M[tpr,tpc - 1] * factor[j];
            j++;
            tpc++;
        }
    }
  
    // The arr1[] and arr2[] used to
    // store all the factors of N
    int []arr1 = new int[MAX];
    int []arr2 = new int[MAX];
    int l1, l2;
    l1 = l2 = 1;
  
    // Initialise arrays as 1
    arr1[0] = arr2[0] = 1;
  
    // Traversing the matrix M
    for (i = 1; i < tpr + 1; i++) {
  
        // Traversing till column
        // element doesn't become 0
        for (j = 0; M[i, j] != 0; j++) {
  
            // Store the product of
            // every element of current
            // row with every element
            // in arr1[]
            for (k = 0; k < l1; k++) {
                arr2[l2++]
                    = arr1[k] * M[i, j];
            }
        }
  
        // Copying every element of
        // arr2[] in arr1[]
        for (j = l1; j < l2; j++) {
            arr1[j] = arr2[j];
        }
  
        // length of arr2[] and arr1[]
        // are equal after copying
        l1 = l2;
    }
  
    // Print all the factors
    for (i = 0; i < l2; i++) {
        Console.Write(arr2[i] + " ");
    }
}
  
// Drivers Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 900;
    findFactors(N);
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991

输出：

1 2 4 3 6 12 9 18 36 5 10 20 15 30 60 45 90 180 25 50 100 75 150 300 225 450 900

时间复杂度： O(sqrt(sqrt(N)))