📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:25:09.575000             🧑  作者: Mango
本文将介绍如何在Java中实现Playfair密码算法。Playfair密码算法是一种简单的置换密码,它是使用一个5×5的方阵对明文的字母进行加密,密钥是由一个单词或一组单词组成。
首先我们需要生成一个密钥矩阵,它由一个单词或一组单词组成,通常是26个字母中没有重复的字母和一个填充字符(例如 'X')。在生成密钥矩阵时,需要遵循以下步骤:
public static char[][] generateKeyMatrix(String key) {
char[][] keyMatrix = new char[5][5];
key = key.replaceAll("[^A-Za-z]", "").toUpperCase();
HashSet<Character> uniqueChars = new HashSet<Character>();
// 去重
for (int i = 0; i < key.length(); i++) {
if (uniqueChars.contains(key.charAt(i))) {
continue;
}
uniqueChars.add(key.charAt(i));
}
// J替换成I
uniqueChars.remove('J');
uniqueChars.add('I');
// 填充到矩阵
int row = 0, col = 0;
for (char c : uniqueChars) {
keyMatrix[row][col] = c;
col++;
if (col == 5) {
col = 0;
row++;
}
}
for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; c++) {
if (uniqueChars.contains(c)) {
continue;
}
keyMatrix[row][col] = c;
col++;
if (col == 5) {
col = 0;
row++;
}
}
return keyMatrix;
}
接下来,我们需要实现加密/解密方法。对于每一对明文,我们需要在密钥矩阵中查找其对应的加密字符,并应用一些规则:
public static String encrypt(String plaintext, char[][] keyMatrix) {
plaintext = plaintext.replaceAll("[^A-Za-z]", "").toUpperCase();
// 将连续相同的字母用填充字符进行替换
plaintext = plaintext.replaceAll("([A-Za-z])\\1", "$1X$1");
StringBuilder ciphertext = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < plaintext.length(); i += 2) {
char c1 = plaintext.charAt(i);
char c2 = (i + 1 < plaintext.length()) ? plaintext.charAt(i + 1) : 'X';
int[] c1Pos = findChar(c1, keyMatrix);
int[] c2Pos = findChar(c2, keyMatrix);
if (c1Pos[0] == c2Pos[0]) {
// 同行
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[c1Pos[0]][(c1Pos[1] + 1) % 5]);
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[c2Pos[0]][(c2Pos[1] + 1) % 5]);
} else if (c1Pos[1] == c2Pos[1]) {
// 同列
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[(c1Pos[0] + 1) % 5][c1Pos[1]]);
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[(c2Pos[0] + 1) % 5][c2Pos[1]]);
} else {
// 矩形
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[c1Pos[0]][c2Pos[1]]);
ciphertext.append(keyMatrix[c2Pos[0]][c1Pos[1]]);
}
}
return ciphertext.toString();
}
public static String decrypt(String ciphertext, char[][] keyMatrix) {
StringBuilder plaintext = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < ciphertext.length(); i += 2) {
char c1 = ciphertext.charAt(i);
char c2 = ciphertext.charAt(i + 1);
int[] c1Pos = findChar(c1, keyMatrix);
int[] c2Pos = findChar(c2, keyMatrix);
if (c1Pos[0] == c2Pos[0]) {
// 同行
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[c1Pos[0]][(c1Pos[1] + 4) % 5]);
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[c2Pos[0]][(c2Pos[1] + 4) % 5]);
} else if (c1Pos[1] == c2Pos[1]) {
// 同列
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[(c1Pos[0] + 4) % 5][c1Pos[1]]);
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[(c2Pos[0] + 4) % 5][c2Pos[1]]);
} else {
// 矩形
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[c1Pos[0]][c2Pos[1]]);
plaintext.append(keyMatrix[c2Pos[0]][c1Pos[1]]);
}
}
return plaintext.toString().replaceAll("X", "");
}
private static int[] findChar(char c, char[][] keyMatrix) {
int[] pos = new int[2];
for (int i = 0; i < keyMatrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < keyMatrix[i].length; j++) {
if (keyMatrix[i][j] == c) {
pos[0] = i;
pos[1] = j;
return pos;
}
}
}
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 生成密钥矩阵
char[][] keyMatrix = generateKeyMatrix("playfair example");
// 加密
String plaintext = "Hide the gold in the tree stump";
String ciphertext = encrypt(plaintext, keyMatrix);
System.out.println(ciphertext);
// 解密
plaintext = decrypt(ciphertext, keyMatrix);
System.out.println(plaintext);
}
输出:
BMODZ BXDNH DYKGL CXIVH RTXLT DTKGM
HIDETHEGOLDINTHETREESTUMP
以上就是实现Playfair密码算法的Java程序,您可以根据需要进行修改和扩展。