📜  查找给定单调序列中的元素位置

📅  最后修改于: 2021-04-30 02:23:39             🧑  作者: Mango

给定整数k和单调递增序列:
f(n)= an + bn [log2(n)] + cn ^ 3其中( a = 1,2,3,…),( b = 1,2,3,…),( c = 0,1, 2、3,…)
在这里,[log 2 (n)]表示将日志取至基数2并将该值四舍五入。
如果n = 1,则值为0。
如果n = 2-3,则值为1。
如果n = 4-7,则值为2。
如果n = 8-15,则值为3。
任务是找到n使得f(n)= k ,如果k不属于序列,则打印0
注意:值以这样一种方式可以以64位表示,并且三个整数a,b和c不超过100。

例子:

天真的方法:给定a,b,c的值,为每个n值找到f(n)的值并将其进行比较。

高效方法:使用二元搜索,选择n =(min + max)/ 2 ,其中minmaxn可能的最小值和最大值,然后,

  • 如果f(n)则增加n
  • 如果f(n)> k,则递减n
  • 如果f(n)= k,n是必需的答案。
  • 重复上述步骤,直到找到所需的值或无法按顺序进行。

下面是上述方法的实现:

C++
// C++ implementation of the approach
#include 
#include 
#define SMALL_N 1000000
#define LARGE_N  1000000000000000
using namespace std;
  
// Function to return the value of f(n) for given values of a, b, c, n
long long func(long long a, long long b, long long c, long long n)
{
    long long res = a * n;
    long long logVlaue = floor(log2(n));
    res += b * n * logVlaue;
    res += c * (n * n * n);
    return res;
}
  
long long getPositionInSeries(long long a, long long b, 
                             long long c, long long k)
{
    long long start = 1, end = SMALL_N;
  
    // if c is 0, then value of n can be in order of 10^15.
    // if c!=0, then n^3 value has to be in order of 10^18
    // so maximum value of n can be 10^6.
    if (c == 0) {
        end = LARGE_N;
    }
    long long ans = 0;
  
    // for efficient searching, use binary search.
    while (start <= end) {
        long long mid = (start + end) / 2;
        long long val = func(a, b, c, mid);
        if (val == k) {
            ans = mid;
            break;
        }
        else if (val > k) {
            end = mid - 1;
        }
        else {
            start = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    long long a = 2, b = 1, c = 1;
    long long k = 12168587437017;
  
    cout << getPositionInSeries(a, b, c, k);
  
    return 0;
}


Python3
# Python 3 implementation of the approach 
from math import log2, floor
SMALL_N = 1000000
LARGE_N = 1000000000000000
  
# Function to return the value of f(n)
# for given values of a, b, c, n 
def func(a, b, c, n) :
      
    res = a * n
    logVlaue = floor(log2(n))
    res += b * n * logVlaue
    res += c * (n * n * n) 
    return res
  
def getPositionInSeries(a, b, c, k) :
      
    start = 1
    end = SMALL_N
  
    # if c is 0, then value of n 
    # can be in order of 10^15. 
    # if c!=0, then n^3 value has
    # to be in order of 10^18 
    # so maximum value of n can be 10^6. 
    if (c == 0) : 
        end = LARGE_N
      
    ans = 0
  
    # for efficient searching, 
    # use binary search. 
    while (start <= end) : 
          
        mid = (start + end) // 2
        val = func(a, b, c, mid)
        if (val == k) :
            ans = mid
            break
      
        elif (val > k) : 
            end = mid - 1
  
        else : 
            start = mid + 1
          
    return ans; 
  
# Driver code 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
      
    a = 2
    b = 1
    c = 1
    k = 12168587437017
  
    print(getPositionInSeries(a, b, c, k)) 
  
# This code is contributed by Ryuga


PHP
 $k) 
            $end = $mid - 1;
  
        else
            $start = $mid + 1;
    }
    return $ans; 
}
  
// Driver code 
$a = 2;
$b = 1;
$c = 1;
$k = 12168587437017;
  
print(getPositionInSeries($a, $b, $c, $k)); 
  
// This code is contributed by mits 
?>


输出:
23001