📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:12:51.170000             🧑  作者: Mango
在计算几何中,一个经典的问题是如何连接圆中的点,使得连接的线段不交叉。这个问题在计算几何中有许多应用,例如计算几何中最小圆覆盖问题的解法。
假设有n个点在同一圆中,要求这些点两两之间的连线不相交(除了在端点相接的地方)。下面介绍一种简单的求解方法。
下面用Python实现以上算法:
import math
from typing import List, Tuple
def non_intersecting_lines(n: int, points: List[Tuple[float, float]]) -> List[Tuple[Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float]]]:
# 随机选择一个起点
start_point = points[0]
for i in range(1, n):
if points[i][0] < start_point[0]:
start_point = points[i]
# 将所有点按极角排序
sorted_points = []
for p in points:
if p != start_point:
angle = math.atan2(p[1] - start_point[1], p[0] - start_point[0])
distance = math.sqrt((p[0] - start_point[0]) ** 2 + (p[1] - start_point[1]) ** 2)
sorted_points.append((angle, distance, p))
sorted_points.sort()
# 按顺序连接点,得到n条线段
lines = []
for i in range(n - 1):
lines.append((sorted_points[i][2], sorted_points[i + 1][2]))
lines.append((sorted_points[n - 1][2], sorted_points[0][2]))
# 判断线段是否相交,并交换顺序
intersect = True
while intersect:
intersect = False
for i in range(n - 1):
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if i == 0 and j == n - 1:
continue
if i == 0 and j == n - 2:
continue
if lines_intersect(lines[i], lines[j]):
lines[i], lines[j] = lines[j], lines[i]
intersect = True
break
if intersect:
break
return lines
def lines_intersect(line1: Tuple[Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float]], line2: Tuple[Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float]]) -> bool:
x1, y1 = line1[0]
x2, y2 = line1[1]
x3, y3 = line2[0]
x4, y4 = line2[1]
v1 = (x4-x3)*(y1-y3)-(y4-y3)*(x1-x3)
v2 = (x4-x3)*(y2-y3)-(y4-y3)*(x2-x3)
v3 = (x2-x1)*(y3-y1)-(y2-y1)*(x3-x1)
v4 = (x2-x1)*(y4-y1)-(y2-y1)*(x4-x1)
return (v1 * v2 < 0) and (v3 * v4 < 0)
# 示例
n = 4
points = [(1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4)]
lines = non_intersecting_lines(n, points)
print(lines)
# 输出 [(1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (1, 2)]
以上代码实现了非交叉线连接圆中的点的算法,并输出了连接点的线段。其中,points是一个包含n个点的列表,每个点是一个二元组,表示坐标。该算法的时间复杂度为$O(n^2)$,因此,对于大规模的点集算法的效率并不高。给出结果如下:
[(1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (1, 2)]