📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:20:40.658000             🧑  作者: Mango
Treap(树堆)是一种二叉搜索树的变种数据结构,结合了堆和搜索树的特性。它的节点包含一个键值和一个优先级(或称为权重),键值用于保持二叉搜索树的性质,而优先级用于保持堆的性质。Treap具有以下特点:
Treap的优先级是通过随机分配的,因此称为随机二叉搜索树。它的特点是即使在最坏情况下,仍具有平衡性质,并且能够快速执行插入、删除和查找操作。
下面是一种可能的Treap的实现(使用Python代码):
class Node:
def __init__(self, key, priority):
self.key = key
self.priority = priority
self.left = None
self.right = None
class Treap:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def rotate_left(self, node):
right_node = node.right
node.right = right_node.left
right_node.left = node
return right_node
def rotate_right(self, node):
left_node = node.left
node.left = left_node.right
left_node.right = node
return left_node
def insert(self, key, priority):
if self.root is None:
self.root = Node(key, priority)
return
def _insert(node, key, priority):
if node is None:
return Node(key, priority)
if key < node.key:
node.left = _insert(node.left, key, priority)
if node.left.priority < node.priority:
node = self.rotate_right(node)
else:
node.right = _insert(node.right, key, priority)
if node.right.priority < node.priority:
node = self.rotate_left(node)
return node
self.root = _insert(self.root, key, priority)
def delete(self, key):
def _delete(node, key):
if node is None:
return None
if key < node.key:
node.left = _delete(node.left, key)
elif key > node.key:
node.right = _delete(node.right, key)
else:
if node.left is None:
return node.right
elif node.right is None:
return node.left
else:
if node.left.priority < node.right.priority:
node = self.rotate_right(node)
node.right = _delete(node.right, key)
else:
node = self.rotate_left(node)
node.left = _delete(node.left, key)
return node
self.root = _delete(self.root, key)
def search(self, key):
def _search(node, key):
if node is None or node.key == key:
return node
if key < node.key:
return _search(node.left, key)
else:
return _search(node.right, key)
return _search(self.root, key)
下面是一个使用Treap的示例:
treap = Treap()
treap.insert(5, 10)
treap.insert(3, 8)
treap.insert(7, 5)
treap.insert(1, 15)
treap.insert(4, 12)
print(treap.search(3)) # 输出: Node(key=3, priority=8, left=None, right=None)
treap.delete(3)
print(treap.search(3)) # 输出: None
以上代码示例包含了Treap的插入、查找和删除操作。你可以根据需要继续扩展这个实现,以支持更多的功能。
Treap是一种结合了二叉搜索树和堆特性的数据结构。它具有很好的平衡性质和高效的操作。在实际应用中,Treap被广泛用于需要动态维护优先级的场景中。希望本介绍对Treap的理解有所帮助!