📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:25:46.530000             🧑  作者: Mango
有时我们需要打印出给定序列的两个可能的排列,比如在排列组合问题、图像处理等领域。下面给出两种常见的实现方法。
Python自带的itertools库中提供了permutations()函数,可以生成给定序列的所有排列。可以通过遍历这些排列,输出其中的两个可能排列。
import itertools
# 生成排列
perms = itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3, 4])
# 输出第一个排列
print("Possible permutation 1:")
print(next(perms))
# 输出第二个排列
print("Possible permutation 2:")
print(next(perms))
输出结果如下:
Possible permutation 1:
(1, 2, 3, 4)
Possible permutation 2:
(1, 2, 4, 3)
排列的另一种实现方法是通过递归实现。以下代码实现了给定序列的所有排列,并输出其中的两个可能排列。
def permute(data, i, length):
if i == length:
print(data)
return
for j in range(i, length):
# 交换位置
data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]
# 递归求解子问题
permute(data, i + 1, length)
# 恢复位置
data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]
# 测试代码
data = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print("Possible permutation 1:")
permute(data, 0, len(data))
print("Possible permutation 2:")
permute(data[::-1], 0, len(data))
输出结果如下:
Possible permutation 1:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 4, 3]
[1, 3, 2, 4]
[1, 3, 4, 2]
[1, 4, 3, 2]
[1, 4, 2, 3]
[2, 1, 3, 4]
[2, 1, 4, 3]
[2, 3, 1, 4]
[2, 3, 4, 1]
[2, 4, 3, 1]
[2, 4, 1, 3]
[3, 2, 1, 4]
[3, 2, 4, 1]
[3, 1, 2, 4]
[3, 1, 4, 2]
[3, 4, 1, 2]
[3, 4, 2, 1]
[4, 2, 3, 1]
[4, 2, 1, 3]
[4, 3, 2, 1]
[4, 3, 1, 2]
[4, 1, 3, 2]
[4, 1, 2, 3]
Possible permutation 2:
[4, 3, 2, 1]
[4, 3, 1, 2]
[4, 2, 3, 1]
[4, 2, 1, 3]
[4, 1, 2, 3]
[4, 1, 3, 2]
[3, 4, 2, 1]
[3, 4, 1, 2]
[3, 2, 4, 1]
[3, 2, 1, 4]
[3, 1, 2, 4]
[3, 1, 4, 2]
[2, 3, 1, 4]
[2, 3, 4, 1]
[2, 1, 3, 4]
[2, 1, 4, 3]
[2, 4, 1, 3]
[2, 4, 3, 1]
[1, 4, 3, 2]
[1, 4, 2, 3]
[1, 3, 4, 2]
[1, 3, 2, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 4, 3]