📜  CPU调度标准(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:00:03.353000             🧑  作者: Mango

CPU调度标准

在操作系统中,CPU调度是指决定哪个进程可以占用CPU资源的过程。CPU调度标准就是根据一定的规则来选择下一个需要执行的进程。

常见的CPU调度标准
先来先服务(FCFS)

先来先服务是最简单的CPU调度算法,也是操作系统中最先被提出的调度算法之一。该算法采用先到先服务的原则来处理进程。

示例代码:

def fcfs(processes):
    waiting_time = 0
    turnaround_time = 0
    for i in range(len(processes)):
        waiting_time += processes[i]["burst_time"]
        turnaround_time += waiting_time - processes[i]["arrival_time"]
    average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
    average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
    return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
最短作业优先(SJF)

最短作业优先是一种非常有效的CPU调度算法,该算法优先选择需要执行时间最短的进程。

示例代码:

def sjf(processes):
    processes = sorted(processes, key=lambda x: x["burst_time"])
    waiting_time = 0
    turnaround_time = 0
    for i in range(len(processes)):
        waiting_time += processes[i]["burst_time"]
        turnaround_time += waiting_time - processes[i]["arrival_time"]
    average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
    average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
    return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
时间片轮转(RR)

时间片轮转算法是一种基于时间片的CPU调度算法。在该算法中,每个进程被分配一个固定长度的时间片,在时间片用完之前如果进程没有执行完,则该进程被放到队列的末尾,下一个进程开始执行。

示例代码:

def rr(processes, quantum):
    queue = processes.copy()
    waiting_time = 0
    turnaround_time = 0
    time = 0
    while queue:
        process = queue.pop(0)
        if process["burst_time"] <= quantum:
            time += process["burst_time"]
            waiting_time += time - process["burst_time"] - process["arrival_time"]
            turnaround_time += time - process["arrival_time"]
        else:
            time += quantum
            process["burst_time"] -= quantum
            queue.append(process)
    average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
    average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
    return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
结语

以上是常见的CPU调度标准,每种标准都有其优缺点。在实际开发中,需要根据具体情况选择最合适的CPU调度算法。