📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:00:03.353000             🧑  作者: Mango
在操作系统中,CPU调度是指决定哪个进程可以占用CPU资源的过程。CPU调度标准就是根据一定的规则来选择下一个需要执行的进程。
先来先服务是最简单的CPU调度算法,也是操作系统中最先被提出的调度算法之一。该算法采用先到先服务的原则来处理进程。
示例代码:
def fcfs(processes):
waiting_time = 0
turnaround_time = 0
for i in range(len(processes)):
waiting_time += processes[i]["burst_time"]
turnaround_time += waiting_time - processes[i]["arrival_time"]
average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
最短作业优先是一种非常有效的CPU调度算法,该算法优先选择需要执行时间最短的进程。
示例代码:
def sjf(processes):
processes = sorted(processes, key=lambda x: x["burst_time"])
waiting_time = 0
turnaround_time = 0
for i in range(len(processes)):
waiting_time += processes[i]["burst_time"]
turnaround_time += waiting_time - processes[i]["arrival_time"]
average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
时间片轮转算法是一种基于时间片的CPU调度算法。在该算法中,每个进程被分配一个固定长度的时间片,在时间片用完之前如果进程没有执行完,则该进程被放到队列的末尾,下一个进程开始执行。
示例代码:
def rr(processes, quantum):
queue = processes.copy()
waiting_time = 0
turnaround_time = 0
time = 0
while queue:
process = queue.pop(0)
if process["burst_time"] <= quantum:
time += process["burst_time"]
waiting_time += time - process["burst_time"] - process["arrival_time"]
turnaround_time += time - process["arrival_time"]
else:
time += quantum
process["burst_time"] -= quantum
queue.append(process)
average_waiting_time = waiting_time / len(processes)
average_turnaround_time = turnaround_time / len(processes)
return average_waiting_time, average_turnaround_time
以上是常见的CPU调度标准,每种标准都有其优缺点。在实际开发中,需要根据具体情况选择最合适的CPU调度算法。