用于以交替奇数和偶数节点顺序排列单链表的 C++ 程序

给定一个单链表，重新排列列表，使偶数和奇数节点在列表中交替出现。
这种重排有两种可能的形式。如果第一个数据是奇数，那么第二个节点必须是偶数。第三个节点必须是奇数，依此类推。请注意，第一个节点是偶数、第二个奇数、第三个偶数等的另一种排列也是可能的。
例子：

Input: 11 -> 20 -> 40 -> 55 -> 77 -> 80 -> NULL
Output: 11 -> 20 -> 55 -> 40 -> 77 -> 80 -> NULL
20, 40, 80 occur in even positions and 11, 55, 77
occur in odd positions.

Input: 10 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> NULL
Output: 1 -> 10 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> NULL
1, 3, 5, 7 occur in odd positions and 10, 2, 6, 8 occur
at even positions in the list

方法1（简单）：
在这种方法中，我们创建了两个堆栈——奇数和偶数。我们遍历列表，当我们在奇数位置遇到偶数节点时，我们将该节点的地址推入偶数堆栈。如果我们在偶数位置遇到一个奇数节点，我们将该节点的地址推送到奇数堆栈。
遍历列表后，我们只需弹出两个堆栈顶部的节点并交换它们的数据。我们不断重复此步骤，直到堆栈变空。

Step 1: Create two stacks Odd and Even.  
        These stacks will store the pointers to the nodes in the list 
Step 2: Traverse list from start to end, using the variable current. 
        Repeat following steps 3-4.
Step 3: If the current node is even and it occurs at an odd position, 
        push this node's address to stack Even.
Step 4: If the current node is odd and it occurs at an even position, 
        push this node's address to stack Odd. [END OF TRAVERSAL].
Step 5: The size of both the stacks will be the same. While both the 
        stacks are not empty exchange the nodes at the top of the two 
        stacks and pop both nodes from their respective stacks. 
Step 6: The List is now rearranged. STOP

C++

// CPP program to rearrange nodes
// as alternate odd even nodes in
// a Singly Linked List
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Structure node
struct Node 
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
// A utility function to print
// linked list
void printList(struct Node* node)
{
    while (node != NULL) 
    {
        cout << node->data << " ";
        node = node->next;
    }
    cout << endl;
}
  
// Function to create newNode
// in a linkedlist
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// Function to insert at beginning
Node* insertBeg(Node* head, 
                int val)
{
    Node* temp = newNode(val);
    temp->next = head;
    head = temp;
    return head;
}
  
// Function to rearrange the
// odd and even nodes
void rearrangeOddEven(Node* head)
{
    stack odd;
    stack even;
    int i = 1;
  
    while (head != nullptr) 
    {
        if (head->data % 2 != 0 && 
            i % 2 == 0) 
        {
            // Odd Value in Even Position
            // Add pointer to current node
            // in odd stack
            odd.push(head);
        }
  
        else if (head->data % 2 == 0 && 
                 i % 2 != 0) 
        {
            // Even Value in Odd Position
            // Add pointer to current node
            // in even stack
            even.push(head);
        }
  
        head = head->next;
        i++;
    }
  
    while (!odd.empty() && 
           !even.empty()) 
    {
        // Swap Data at the top of 
        // two stacks
        swap(odd.top()->data, 
             even.top()->data);
        odd.pop();
        even.pop();
    }
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    Node* head = newNode(8);
    head = insertBeg(head, 7);
    head = insertBeg(head, 6);
    head = insertBeg(head, 5);
    head = insertBeg(head, 3);
    head = insertBeg(head, 2);
    head = insertBeg(head, 1);
  
    cout << "Linked List:" << endl;
    printList(head);
    rearrangeOddEven(head);
  
    cout << "Linked List after " << 
            "Rearranging:" << endl;
    printList(head);
  
    return 0;
}

输出：

Linked List:
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 
Linked List after Rearranging:
1 2 3 6 5 8 7

时间复杂度： O(n)
辅助空间： O(n)

方法2（高效）：

1. 分离列表中的奇数和偶数值。在此之后，所有奇数将一起出现，然后是所有偶数。
2. 将列表拆分为奇数和偶数两个列表。
3. 将偶数列表合并为奇数列表

REARRANGE (HEAD)
Step 1: Traverse the list using NODE TEMP. 
           If TEMP is odd
               Add TEMP to the beginning of the List
           [END OF IF]
        [END OF TRAVERSAL]
Step 2: Set TEMP to 2nd element of LIST.
Step 3: Set PREV_TEMP to 1st element of List
Step 4: Traverse using node TEMP as long as an even
        node is not encountered.
            PREV_TEMP = TEMP, TEMP = TEMP->NEXT
        [END OF TRAVERSAL]
Step 5: Set EVEN to TEMP. Set PREV_TEMP->NEXT to NULL
Step 6: I = HEAD, J = EVEN
Step 7: Repeat while I != NULL and J != NULL
            Store next nodes of I and J in K and L
            K = I->NEXT, L = J->NEXT
            I->NEXT = J, J->NEXT = K, PTR = J
            I = K and J = L 
       [END OF LOOP]
Step 8: if I == NULL 
            PTR->NEXT = J
        [END of IF]
Step 8: Return HEAD.
Step 9: End

C++

// Cpp program to rearrange nodes
// as alternate odd even nodes in
// a Singly Linked List
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Structure node
struct Node 
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
// A utility function to print
// linked list
void printList(struct Node* node)
{
    while (node != NULL) 
    {
        cout << node->data << " ";
        node = node->next;
    }
    cout << endl;
}
  
// Function to create newNode
// in a linkedlist
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    Node* temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// Function to insert at beginning
Node* insertBeg(Node* head, 
                int val)
{
    Node* temp = newNode(val);
    temp->next = head;
    head = temp;
    return head;
}
  
// Function to rearrange the
// odd and even nodes
void rearrange(Node** head)
{
    // Step 1: Segregate even and odd nodes
    // Step 2: Split odd and even lists
    // Step 3: Merge even list into odd list
    Node* even;
    Node *temp, *prev_temp;
    Node *i, *j, *k, *l, *ptr;
  
    // Step 1: Segregate Odd and 
    // Even Nodes
    temp = (*head)->next;
    prev_temp = *head;
  
    while (temp != nullptr) 
    {
        // Backup next pointer of temp
        Node* x = temp->next;
  
        // If temp is odd move the node
        // to beginning of list
        if (temp->data % 2 != 0)  
        {
            prev_temp->next = x;
            temp->next = (*head);
            (*head) = temp;
        }
        else 
        {
            prev_temp = temp;
        }
  
        // Advance Temp Pointer
        temp = x;
    }
  
    // Step 2
    // Split the List into Odd and 
    // even
    temp = (*head)->next;
    prev_temp = (*head);
  
    while (temp != nullptr && 
           temp->data % 2 != 0) 
    {
        prev_temp = temp;
        temp = temp->next;
    }
  
    even = temp;
  
    // End the odd List (Make 
    // last node null)
    prev_temp->next = nullptr;
  
    // Step 3:
    // Merge Even List into odd
    i = *head;
    j = even;
  
    while (j != nullptr && 
           i != nullptr) 
    {
        // While both lists are not
        // exhausted Backup next
        // pointers of i and j
        k = i->next;
        l = j->next;
  
        i->next = j;
        j->next = k;
  
        // ptr points to the latest 
        // node added
        ptr = j;
  
        // Advance i and j pointers
        i = k;
        j = l;
    }
  
    if (i == nullptr) 
    {
        // Odd list exhausts before even,
        // append remainder of even list 
        // to odd.
        ptr->next = j;
    }
  
    // The case where even list exhausts 
    // before odd list is automatically 
    // handled since we merge the even 
    // list into the odd list
}
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Node* head = newNode(8);
    head = insertBeg(head, 7);
    head = insertBeg(head, 6);
    head = insertBeg(head, 3);
    head = insertBeg(head, 5);
    head = insertBeg(head, 1);
    head = insertBeg(head, 2);
    head = insertBeg(head, 10);
  
    cout << "Linked List:" << endl;
    printList(head);
    cout << "Rearranged List" << endl;
    rearrange(&head);
    printList(head);
}

输出：

Linked List:
10 2 1 5 3 6 7 8 
Rearranged List
7 10 3 2 5 6 1 8

时间复杂度： O(n)
辅助空间： O(1)

有关详细信息，请参阅有关单链表中交替奇数和偶数节点的完整文章！