Python – JSON 到 XML

JSON文件是以 JavaScript 对象表示法 (JSON) 格式存储简单数据结构和对象的文件，这是一种标准数据交换格式。它主要用于在 Web 应用程序和服务器之间传输数据。JSON对象包含键/值对形式的数据。键是字符串，值是 JSON 类型。键和值用冒号分隔。每个条目（键/值对）由逗号分隔。 JSON 文件是轻量级的、基于文本的、人类可读的，并且可以使用文本编辑器进行编辑。

注意：有关更多信息，请参阅在Python中使用 JSON 数据

XML是一种用于存储数据的标记语言。它区分大小写。 XML 让您可以定义标记元素并生成定制的标记语言。 XML 中的基本单元称为元素。 XML 语言没有预定义的标签。它简化了数据共享、数据传输、平台更改、数据可用性 XML 文件的扩展名为 .xml

注意：有关详细信息，请参阅 XML |基本

JSON 和 XML 文件格式都用于在客户端和服务器之间传输数据。
但是，它们都具有相同的目的，尽管它们的方式不同。

JSON 和 XML 的比较

JSON	XML
JSON object has a type	XML data is typeless
JSON types: string, number, array, Boolean	All XML data should be string
Data is readily accessible as JSON objects	XML data needs to be parsed
JSON is supported by most browsers	Cross-browser XML parsing can be tricky
JSON has no display capabilities	XML offers the capability to display data because it is a markup language
JSON supports only text and number data type.	XML support various data types such as number, text, images, charts, graphs, etc. It also provides options for transferring the structure or format of the data with actual data.
Retrieving value is easy	Retrieving value is difficult
Supported by many Ajax toolkit	Not fully supported by Ajax toolkit
A fully automated way of deserializing/serializing JavaScript	Developers have to write JavaScript code to serialize/de-serialize from XML
Native support for object	The object has to be express by conventions – mostly missed use of attributes and elements.
It supports only UTF-8 encoding.	It supports various encoding
It doesn’t support comments.	It supports comments.
JSON files are easy to read as compared to XML.	XML documents are relatively more difficult to read and interpret.
It does not provide any support for namespaces	It supports namespaces.
It is less secured.	It is more secure than JSON.

在Python 3 中处理 JSON

为了处理 JSON 文件格式， Python提供了一个名为json的模块。

第一步：导入json模块

import json as JS

第 2 步：导入 xml.etree.ElementTree 模块

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

第 3 步：读取 json 文件
这里， “data”是我们加载 JSON 数据的变量。

with open("quiz.json", "r") as json_file:
    data = JS.load(json_file);

第 4 步：构建根元素
每个 xml 文件必须只有一个根元素

root = ET.Element("quiz")

第 5 步：构建根的子元素
SubElement 有两个参数：

root - 它是存储根元素的变量的名称。
subelement_name：它是子元素的名称。示例：

Maths = ET.SubElement(root, "maths")

STEP 6：构建xml文档树

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)

第 7 步：将 xml 写入 quiz.xml 文件

tree.write("quiz.xml")

注意： XML 元素不支持整数值，因此我们需要将它们转换为字符串。

例子：

JSON文件：

python-json-to-xml

# Program to read JSON file 
# and generate its XML file
   
# Importing json module and xml
# module provided by python
import json as JS
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
   
# Opening JSON file in read mode
with open("myfile3.json", "r") as json_file:
   
    # loading json file data 
    # to variable data
    data = JS.load(json_file);
   
    # Building the root element 
    # of the xml file
    root = ET.Element("quiz")
   
    # Building the sub root elements
    # We don't add text since the value 
    # associated with subelement is a 
    # python dictionary
    Maths = ET.SubElement(root, "maths")
   
    # Building subelement of maths as q1
    Q1 = ET.SubElement(Maths, "q1")
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "question").
    text = data["quiz"]["maths"]["q1"]["question"]
   
    # Building multiple subelements with name options to hold different values
    # Xml elements cannot hold integer values so we need to
    # convert them to string
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q1"]
                                            ["options"][0])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q1"]
                                            ["options"][1])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q1"]
                                            ["options"][2])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q1"]
                                            ["options"][3])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q1, "answer").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                           ["maths"]["q1"]
                                           ["answer"])
   
    # Building subelement of maths as q2
    Q2 = ET.SubElement(Maths, "q2")
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "question").text = data["quiz"]
    ["maths"]["q2"]["question"]
      
    # Building multiple subelements 
    # with name options to hold
    # different values
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]
                                            ["q2"]
                                            ["options"][0])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]
                                            ["q2"]
                                            ["options"][1])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q2"]
                                            ["options"][2])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "options").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                            ["maths"]["q2"]
                                            ["options"][3])
      
    ET.SubElement(Q2, "answer").text = str(data["quiz"]
                                           ["maths"]["q2"]
                                           ["answer"])
   
    # Building the tree of the xml
    # elements using the root element
    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
   
    # Writing the xml to output file
    tree.write("quiz.xml")

输出：

python-json-to-xml