📜  COBOL 和 FORTRAN 的区别

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:14.210000             🧑  作者: Mango

COBOL 和 FORTRAN 的区别

COBOL代表Common Business-Oriented Language ,而FORTRAN代表公式翻译。

什么是 COBOL?

COBOL计算机编程语言是一种为商业设计的类似英语的编译语言。多年来,企业和政府一直在将 COBOL 用于业务、财务和管理系统。 Codasyl 于 1959 年基于 Grace Hopper 的 FLOW-MATIC 编程语言创建了 COBOL。它是由美国国防部创建的用于数据处理的可移植编程语言。

什么是 FORTRAN?

FORTRAN是一种编译的命令式编程语言,特别适用于数值计算和科学计算。 1950 年代,IBM 主要为科学和工程应用开发 Fortran,并逐渐接管科学计算。自 60 多年前开发以来,它已被用于计算密集型领域,例如数值天气预报、有限元分析、计算流体动力学、地球物理学、计算物理学、晶体学和计算化学。

尽管它们在结构和功能上相似,但两种语言却大不相同。与FORTRAN 不同COBOL是面向流的,因此在技术上不那么令人印象深刻。尽管它很受欢迎,但计算机科学家认为它是目前最糟糕的编程语言之一。 COBOL 更适合审计员,而 FORTRAN 是为科学家创建的。 FORTRAN 是一种自由流动的语言,而 COBOL 是结构化和形式化的。实际上,这些语言在结构和实用性方面有很大不同。

COBOLFORTRAN 的区别:

  • COBOL由 CODASYL、ANSI、ISO 开发,另一方面, FORTRAN由 IBM 的 John Backus 开发。
  • COBOL的创建考虑了商业应用。银行系统、保险公司和政府机构都在使用它,而FORTRAN是一种用于大型计算机的编程语言,用于翻译公式。它最适合科学和数学运算。
  • COBOL不是通用编程语言。参数化类可用于提供对泛型语言的支持,而FORTRAN是一种泛型语言,由于编译时错误可以更快地修复,因此它非常高效。
  • COBOL是一种命令式编程语言,这意味着它告诉计算机“该做什么”。 COBOL 最显着的特点是其命令式和过程式设计,另一方面, FORTRAN既是编译命令式又是面向对象的编程语言。
  • COBOL是一种过程语言,它不支持过程递归,而FORTRAN是一种为科学和数值计算而设计的编译命令式编程语言。
  • COBOL是过程式、命令式和面向对象的。同时, FORTRAN是并发的、基于数组的、共享内存/本机分布式并行和向量化的。
  • COBOL具有弱类型和静态类型规则。而FORTRAN具有强大的、静态的和基于清单的类型规则。
  • COBOL自 1968 年标准化以来已修订了四次。而FORTRAN已修订了九次。

表之间的差异(COBOL 与 FORTRAN):

COBOLFORTRAN
COBOL is developed by CODASYL, ANSI, ISO.FORTRAN is developed by John Backus at IBM.
COBOL was created with commercial applications in mind. Banking systems, insurance companies, and government offices have all utilized itFORTRAN is a programming language for mainframe computers that was created to translate formulas. It is best suited for scientific and mathematical operations.
COBOL is not a general-purpose programming language. Parameterized classes can be used to provide support for generic languages.FORTRAN is a generic language, which makes it efficient since compile-time errors may be fixed more quickly.
COBOL is an imperative programming language, which means it tells the computer “what to do.” COBOL’s most notable feature is its imperative and procedural designFORTRAN is both a compiled imperative and an Object-oriented programming language.
COBOL is a procedural language and it does not support Procedural recursion. FORTRAN is a compiled imperative programming language designed for scientific and numerical computations.
COBOL is Procedural, Imperative, and object-oriented.FORTRAN is Concurrent, array-based, shared-memory/native distributed parallelism and vectorized.
COBOL has a Weak and Static typing discipline.FORTRAN has strong, static, and manifests-based typing discipline.
COBOL has been revised four times from its standardized date 1968.  

FORTRAN has been revised nine times till date.