COBOL 和 FORTRAN 的区别
COBOL代表Common Business-Oriented Language ,而FORTRAN代表公式翻译。
什么是 COBOL?
COBOL计算机编程语言是一种为商业设计的类似英语的编译语言。多年来,企业和政府一直在将 COBOL 用于业务、财务和管理系统。 Codasyl 于 1959 年基于 Grace Hopper 的 FLOW-MATIC 编程语言创建了 COBOL。它是由美国国防部创建的用于数据处理的可移植编程语言。
什么是 FORTRAN?
FORTRAN是一种编译的命令式编程语言,特别适用于数值计算和科学计算。 1950 年代,IBM 主要为科学和工程应用开发 Fortran,并逐渐接管科学计算。自 60 多年前开发以来,它已被用于计算密集型领域,例如数值天气预报、有限元分析、计算流体动力学、地球物理学、计算物理学、晶体学和计算化学。
尽管它们在结构和功能上相似,但两种语言却大不相同。与FORTRAN 不同, COBOL是面向流的,因此在技术上不那么令人印象深刻。尽管它很受欢迎,但计算机科学家认为它是目前最糟糕的编程语言之一。 COBOL 更适合审计员,而 FORTRAN 是为科学家创建的。 FORTRAN 是一种自由流动的语言,而 COBOL 是结构化和形式化的。实际上,这些语言在结构和实用性方面有很大不同。
COBOL和FORTRAN 的区别:
- COBOL由 CODASYL、ANSI、ISO 开发,另一方面, FORTRAN由 IBM 的 John Backus 开发。
- COBOL的创建考虑了商业应用。银行系统、保险公司和政府机构都在使用它,而FORTRAN是一种用于大型计算机的编程语言,用于翻译公式。它最适合科学和数学运算。
- COBOL不是通用编程语言。参数化类可用于提供对泛型语言的支持,而FORTRAN是一种泛型语言,由于编译时错误可以更快地修复,因此它非常高效。
- COBOL是一种命令式编程语言,这意味着它告诉计算机“该做什么”。 COBOL 最显着的特点是其命令式和过程式设计,另一方面, FORTRAN既是编译命令式又是面向对象的编程语言。
- COBOL是一种过程语言,它不支持过程递归,而FORTRAN是一种为科学和数值计算而设计的编译命令式编程语言。
- COBOL是过程式、命令式和面向对象的。同时, FORTRAN是并发的、基于数组的、共享内存/本机分布式并行和向量化的。
- COBOL具有弱类型和静态类型规则。而FORTRAN具有强大的、静态的和基于清单的类型规则。
- COBOL自 1968 年标准化以来已修订了四次。而FORTRAN已修订了九次。
表之间的差异(COBOL 与 FORTRAN):
COBOL | FORTRAN |
---|---|
COBOL is developed by CODASYL, ANSI, ISO. | FORTRAN is developed by John Backus at IBM. |
COBOL was created with commercial applications in mind. Banking systems, insurance companies, and government offices have all utilized it | FORTRAN is a programming language for mainframe computers that was created to translate formulas. It is best suited for scientific and mathematical operations. |
COBOL is not a general-purpose programming language. Parameterized classes can be used to provide support for generic languages. | FORTRAN is a generic language, which makes it efficient since compile-time errors may be fixed more quickly. |
COBOL is an imperative programming language, which means it tells the computer “what to do.” COBOL’s most notable feature is its imperative and procedural design | FORTRAN is both a compiled imperative and an Object-oriented programming language. |
COBOL is a procedural language and it does not support Procedural recursion. | FORTRAN is a compiled imperative programming language designed for scientific and numerical computations. |
COBOL is Procedural, Imperative, and object-oriented. | FORTRAN is Concurrent, array-based, shared-memory/native distributed parallelism and vectorized. |
COBOL has a Weak and Static typing discipline. | FORTRAN has strong, static, and manifests-based typing discipline. |
COBOL has been revised four times from its standardized date 1968. | FORTRAN has been revised nine times till date. |