📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:09:22.027000             🧑  作者: Mango
要求给定一个字符串,将其中的字符重新排列,使得其中的元音字符('a','e','i','o','u')不相邻。
具体的操作过程如下:
统计字符串中的元音字符个数和位置。
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
positions = []
for i, c in enumerate(s):
if c in vowels:
positions.append(i)
使用回溯法生成所有的排列,并在递归过程中进行验证。
def backtrack(nums, path, used):
if len(nums) == len(path):
# 验证元音字符不相邻
for i in range(len(path)-1):
if is_vowel(path[i]) and is_vowel(path[i+1]):
return
res.append(''.join(path))
return
for i in range(len(nums)):
if not used[i]:
used[i] = True
path.append(nums[i])
backtrack(nums, path, used)
path.pop()
used[i] = False
def is_vowel(c):
return c in ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
res = []
n = len(s)
backtrack(s, [], [False]*n)
剪枝策略:当当前的字符为元音字符时,我们只需要检查当前字符之前的两个字符是否都不是元音字符,如果是,则可以继续递归,否则剪枝。
def backtrack(nums, path, used):
if len(nums) == len(path):
res.append(''.join(path))
return
for i in range(len(nums)):
if not used[i]:
# 剪枝策略:当前位置为元音,检查前面两个字符是否都不是元音
if is_vowel(nums[i]):
if len(path) >= 2 and is_vowel(path[-1]) and is_vowel(path[-2]):
continue
used[i] = True
path.append(nums[i])
backtrack(nums, path, used)
path.pop()
used[i] = False
def permutations(s):
def backtrack(nums, path, used):
if len(nums) == len(path):
for i in range(len(path)-1):
if is_vowel(path[i]) and is_vowel(path[i+1]):
return
res.append(''.join(path))
return
for i in range(len(nums)):
if not used[i]:
if is_vowel(nums[i]):
if len(path) >= 2 and is_vowel(path[-1]) and is_vowel(path[-2]):
continue
used[i] = True
path.append(nums[i])
backtrack(nums, path, used)
path.pop()
used[i] = False
def is_vowel(c):
return c in ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
positions = []
for i, c in enumerate(s):
if c in vowels:
positions.append(i)
res = []
n = len(s)
backtrack(s, [], [False]*n)
return res