Spring Boot – 使用来自 Kafka 主题的 JSON 对象
Apache Kafka是一个发布-订阅消息系统。消息传递系统允许某人在进程、应用程序和服务器之间发送消息。从广义上讲,Apache Kafka 是可以定义和进一步处理主题(一个主题可能是一个类别)的软件。应用程序可以连接到该系统并将消息传输到主题上。消息可以包含任何类型的信息,来自您个人博客上的任何事件,也可以是非常简单的文本消息,会触发任何其他事件。在此处阅读有关卡夫卡的更多信息。在本文Spring Boot Kafka 消费者示例中,我们讨论了如何使用 Spring Boot 消费来自 Kafka 主题的消息。但是在一个复杂的程序中,我们需要使用来自 Kafka 主题的 JSON 对象。
Prerequisite: Make sure you have installed Apache Kafka in your local machine. Refer to this article How to Install and Run Apache Kafka on Windows?
执行:
第 1 步:转到此链接 https://start.spring.io/ 并创建一个 Spring Boot 项目。将“ Spring for Apache Kafka ”依赖项添加到您的 Spring Boot 项目中。
第 2 步:在 Model 包中创建一个名为Book的简单POJO类。下面是本书的代码。 Java文件。
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate Book Class
package com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.Model;
// Class
public class Book {
// Class data members
private String bookName;
private String isbn;
// Constructor 1
public Book() {}
// Constructor 2
public Book(String bookName, String isbn)
{
// This keyword refers to
// current instance itself
this.bookName = bookName;
this.isbn = isbn;
}
// Setter
public String getBookName() { return bookName; }
// Setter
public void setBookName(String bookName)
{
this.bookName = bookName;
}
// Setter
public String getIsbn() { return isbn; }
// Setter
public void setIsbn(String isbn) { this.isbn = isbn; }
}
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate Configuration Class
package com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.config;
// Importing required classes
import com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.Model.Book;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;
// Annotation
@EnableKafka
@Configuration
// Class
public class KafkaConfig {
@Bean
public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory()
{
// Creating a map of string-object type
Map config = new HashMap<>();
// Adding the Configuration
config.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG,
"127.0.0.1:9092");
config.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG,
"group_id");
config.put(
ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
StringDeserializer.class);
config.put(
ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
JsonDeserializer.class);
// Returning message in JSON format
return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(
config, new StringDeserializer(),
new JsonDeserializer<>(Book.class));
}
// Creating a Listener
@Bean
public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory
bookListener()
{
ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<
String, Book> factory
= new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
return factory;
}
}
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate kafka Consumer Class
package com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.consumer;
// Importing required classes
import com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.Model.Book;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// Annotation
@Component
// Class
public class KafkaConsumer {
@KafkaListener(topics = "NewTopic",
groupId = "group_id",
containerFactory = "bookListener")
// Method
public void
consume(Book book)
{
// Print statement
System.out.println("message = " + book);
}
}
第 3 步:创建一个名为KafkaConfig的配置文件。下面是KafkaConfig 的代码。 Java文件。代码中添加了注释以更详细地理解代码。
例子
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate Configuration Class
package com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.config;
// Importing required classes
import com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.Model.Book;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;
// Annotation
@EnableKafka
@Configuration
// Class
public class KafkaConfig {
@Bean
public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory()
{
// Creating a map of string-object type
Map config = new HashMap<>();
// Adding the Configuration
config.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG,
"127.0.0.1:9092");
config.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG,
"group_id");
config.put(
ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
StringDeserializer.class);
config.put(
ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,
JsonDeserializer.class);
// Returning message in JSON format
return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(
config, new StringDeserializer(),
new JsonDeserializer<>(Book.class));
}
// Creating a Listener
@Bean
public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory
bookListener()
{
ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<
String, Book> factory
= new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
return factory;
}
}
第 4 步:创建一个名为KafkaConsumer的消费者文件。
文件:卡夫卡消费者。Java
Java
// Java Program to Illustrate kafka Consumer Class
package com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.consumer;
// Importing required classes
import com.amiya.kafka.apachekafkaconsumer.Model.Book;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// Annotation
@Component
// Class
public class KafkaConsumer {
@KafkaListener(topics = "NewTopic",
groupId = "group_id",
containerFactory = "bookListener")
// Method
public void
consume(Book book)
{
// Print statement
System.out.println("message = " + book);
}
}
第 5 步:现在我们必须执行以下操作才能使用 Spring Boot 使用来自 Kafka 主题的消息
- 运行 Apache Zookeeper 服务器
- 运行 Apache Kafka 服务器
- 从 Kafka 主题发送 JSON 对象
使用以下命令运行 Apache Zookeeper 服务器:
C:\kafka>.\bin\windows\zookeeper-server-start.bat .\config\zookeeper.properties
同样,使用此命令运行 Apache Kafka 服务器
C:\kafka>.\bin\windows\kafka-server-start.bat .\config\server.properties
运行以下命令从 Kafka 主题发送 JSON 对象
C:\kafka>.\bin\windows\kafka-console-producer.bat --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic NewTopic
第 6 步:现在运行您的 Spring Boot 应用程序。确保您已更改application.properties文件中的端口号。
server.port=8081
让我们在 ApacheKafkaConsumerApplication 文件中运行 Spring Boot 应用程序。
输出:
在输出中,可以看到当您从 Kafka 主题发送 JSON 对象时,它会实时显示在控制台上。