有N个孩子坐在围绕一个圆圈排列的N个椅子上。椅子的编号是从1到N。游戏从第一个椅子开始盘旋地盘算着孩子们。一旦计数达到K,那个孩子就离开游戏,移开他/她的椅子。游戏再次开始,从圈子中的下一个椅子开始。圈子中剩下的最后一个孩子是获胜者。找到赢得比赛的孩子。
例子:
Input : N = 5, K = 2
Output : 3
Firstly, the child at position 2 is out,
then position 4 goes out, then position 1
Finally, the child at position 5 is out.
So the position 3 survives.
Input : 7 4
Output : 2
我们讨论了约瑟夫斯问题的递归解。给定的解决方案优于Josephus解决方案的递归解决方案,后者不适合大输入,因为它会导致堆栈溢出。时间复杂度为O(N)。
方法–在算法中,我们使用sum变量找出要删除的椅子。当前的椅子位置是通过将椅子数量K加到先前的位置(即总和和总和模数)来计算的。最后,当编号从1开始到N时,我们返回sum + 1。
C++
// Iterative solution for Josephus Problem
#include
using namespace std;
// Function for finding the winning child.
long long int find(long long int n, long long int k)
{
long long int sum = 0, i;
// For finding out the removed
// chairs in each iteration
for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
sum = (sum + k) % i;
return sum + 1;
}
// Driver function to find the winning child
int main()
{
int n = 14, k = 2;
cout << find(n, k);
return 0;
}
Java
// Iterative solution for Josephus Problem
class Test
{
// Method for finding the winning child.
private int josephus(int n, int k)
{
int sum = 0;
// For finding out the removed
// chairs in each iteration
for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
{
sum = (sum + k) % i;
}
return sum+1;
}
// Driver Program to test above method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n = 14;
int k = 2;
Test obj = new Test();
System.out.println(obj.josephus(n, k));
}
}
// This code is contributed by Kumar Saras
输出:
13