在C++中创建自定义矢量类的程序

任务是使用以下功能实现类似于STL向量的自定义向量类：

• int push_back(data)：在数组的末尾添加一个元素(任何data_type)，并返回该向量中的元素数
• data_type pop_back()：从数组末尾删除元素，还返回弹出的元素
• int size()const：返回向量的当前大小

下面的程序使用上述功能在C++中实现一个自定义矢量类：

// C++ program to implement Custom Vector
// class
#include "iostream"
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
  
// Template class to create vector of
// different data_type
template 
class GenericMyVector {
private:
    DT* arr;
  
    // Variable to store the current capacity
    // of the vector
    ll capacity;
  
    // Variable to store the length of the
    // vector
    ll length;
  
public:
    explicit GenericMyVector(ll = 100);
  
    // Function that returns the number of
    // elements in array after pushing the data
    ll push_back(DT);
  
    // function that returns the popped element
    DT pop_back();
  
    // Function that return the size of vector
    ll size() const;
    DT& operator[](ll);
  
    // Iterator Class
    class iterator {
    private:
        // Dynamic array using pointers
        DT* ptr;
  
    public:
        explicit iterator()
            : ptr(nullptr)
        {
        }
        explicit iterator(DT* p)
            : ptr(p)
        {
        }
        bool operator==(const iterator& rhs) const
        {
            return ptr == rhs.ptr;
        }
        bool operator!=(const iterator& rhs) const
        {
            return !(*this == rhs);
        }
        DT operator*() const
        {
            return *ptr;
        }
        iterator& operator++()
        {
            ++ptr;
            return *this;
        }
        iterator operator++(int)
        {
            iterator temp(*this);
            ++*this;
            return temp;
        }
    };
  
    // Begin iterator
    iterator begin() const;
  
    // End iterator
    iterator end() const;
};
  
// Template class to return the size of
// vector of different data_type
template 
GenericMyVector
::GenericMyVector(ll n)
    : capacity(n), arr(new DT[n]), length(0)
{
}
  
// Template class to insert the element
// in vector
template 
ll GenericMyVector
::push_back(DT data)
{
    if (length == capacity) {
        DT* old = arr;
        arr = new DT[capacity = capacity * 2];
        copy(old, old + length, arr);
        delete[] old;
    }
    arr[length++] = data;
    return length;
}
  
// Template class to return the popped element
// in vector
template 
DT GenericMyVector
::pop_back()
{
    return arr[length-- - 1];
}
  
// Template class to return the size of
// vector
template 
ll GenericMyVector
::size() const
{
    return length;
}
  
// Template class to return the element of
// vector at given index
template 
DT& GenericMyVector
::operator[](ll index)
{
    // if given index is greator than the
    // size of vector print Error
    if (index >= length) {
        cout << "Error: Array index out of bound";
        exit(0);
    }
  
    // else return value at that index
    return *(arr + index);
}
  
// Template class to return begin iterator
template 
typename GenericMyVector
::iterator 
                      GenericMyVector
::begin() const
{
    return iterator(arr);
}
  
// Template class to return end iterator
template 
typename GenericMyVector
::iterator 
                        GenericMyVector
::end() const
{
    return iterator(arr + length);
}
  
// Template class to display element in
// vector
template 
void display_vector(V& v)
{
    // Declare iterator
    typename V::iterator ptr;
    for (ptr = v.begin(); ptr != v.end(); ptr++) {
        cout << *ptr << ' ';
    }
    cout << '\n';
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
    cout << "For Integer data_type" << endl;
  
    GenericMyVector v;
    v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(6);
    v.push_back(7);
    v.push_back(8);
    v.push_back(9);
    v.push_back(10);
    v.push_back(11);
    v.push_back(12);
  
    // Declare iterator for traversal in
    // vector v
    GenericMyVector::iterator it;
  
    // Function called to display element in
    // vector in v
    cout << "Element in vector v : ";
    display_vector(v);
  
    // Print the size of vector v
    cout << "size: " << v.size() << endl;
  
    // Print Element at index 2
    cout << "v[2]: " << v[2] << '\n';
  
    // Pop an element and print it
    cout << "Popped Element: " << v.pop_back() << '\n';
    display_vector(v);
  
    cout << endl;
  
    cout << "For Char data_type" << endl;
  
    GenericMyVector c;
    c.push_back('a');
    c.push_back('b');
    c.push_back('c');
    c.push_back('d');
    c.push_back('e');
    c.push_back('f');
    c.push_back('g');
    c.push_back('h');
  
    // Declare iterator for traversal in
    // vector c
    GenericMyVector::iterator it1;
  
    // Function called to display element in
    // vector in c
    cout << "Element in vector c : ";
    display_vector(c);
  
    // Print the size of vector c
    cout << "size: " << c.size() << '\n';
  
    // Print Element at index 2
    cout << "c[2]: " << c[2] << '\n';
  
    // Pop an element and print it
    cout << "pop: " << c.pop_back() << '\n';
  
    // Function called to display element in
    // vector in c
    cout << "Element in vector c : ";
    display_vector(c);
    return 0;
}

输出：

For Integer data_type
Element in vector v : 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
size: 8
v[2]: 7
Popped Element: 12
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

For Char data_type
Element in vector c : a b c d e f g h 
size: 8
c[2]: c
pop: h
Element in vector c : a b c d e f g

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