指数是任何数字。提高到底数,也可以看作是数的幂,即数与数自身相乘的倍数。它以a b的形式表示,其中a是基数,b是幂。例如, 2 5 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2的数字,即2乘以5倍。因此,此处Base = 2,指数=5。这可以理解为2升为幂5 。
Note 1: When there is no given exponent to the number, its power of the number is one i.e. it is one time of itself.
Example: The no. 5 has base 5 has power one +1.
Note 2: Powers are useful for expressing large quantities.
Example: 56,400,000,000,000,000,000 can be expressed easily as 5.64 x 1018
具有负指数的幂
如果一个数字说,n具有负指数b作为幂,那么它基本上就是幂的倒数。 IE
n -b = 1 / n b
例子:
The number 2-3 has base 2 and a negative exponent 3 i.e. -3.
2-3 = 1/23 = 1/(2 * 2* 2) = 1/8
用指数扩展有理数
可以扩展有理数,并用幂来表示。
例子:
45679.32 can be represented as 40000 + 5000 + 600 + 70 + 9 + 0.3 + 0.02 = 4×104 + 5×103 + 6×102 + 7×101 + 9×100 + 3×10-1 +2×10-2
指数和权力定律
1.具有相同基数的指数
- 当两个指数乘以相同的底数时,则将指数相加: n a * n b = n (a + b)
- 当两个指数数用相同的底数除时,则指数相减: n a / n b = n (a – b)
例子:
(23 * 22 )/24 = 2(3 + 2)/24 = 25 – 4 = 2
2.权力的力量
当一个具有幂次幂的基数说(n a ) b时,幂次相乘。即n a * b 。
例子:
(32)3 = 32*3 = 36
3.指数相同但基数不同
- 当两个数字乘以相同的指数时,它们的底数就会相乘。 n a xm a =(n * m) a
- 当两个数字相除且指数相同时,它们的底数也会相除。 n a / m a =(n / m) a
使用指数比较数量
当我们需要比较两个大的或小的数量时,我们将它们转换为它们的标准指数形式并除以它们。
例子:比较地球质量和太阳质量?
解决方案:
Mass of the Earth = 5.972 x 1024
Mass of the Sun = 1.989 x 1030
Mass of the Sun/Mass of the Earth = (1.989 x 1030) / (5.972 x 1024)
= 0.33 x 106 = 3.3 x 105
So the mass of the sun is approximately 105 times that of earth.
一些更多的例子
问题1:找出
(i)7 3
(ii)7 -3
解决方案:
(i) 73 = 7 * 7 * 7 = 49 * 7 = 343
(ii) 7-3 = 1/73 = 1/(7 * 7 * 7) =1/343
问题2:以指数和幂表达以下内容?
(i)34500
(ii)1/25
解决方案:
(i) 34500 = 345 x 100 = 345 x 102
= 3.45 x 102 x 102(dividing 345 by 100 by shifting two decimel places to left and at the same
time multiplying by 100 or 102)
= 3.45 x 104 (total power = 2 + 2)
(ii)1/25 = 1/(5 x 5) = 1/52 = 5-2 (negative exponent)