📜  组的基本属性

📅  最后修改于: 2021-08-27 17:38:57             🧑  作者: Mango

让其从组(G,o)中定义了二进制运算o的集合G。如果满足以下三个属性,则G是一个组:

  • 关联性
  • 身份

组的属性:

属性1
如果a,b,c∈G那么aob = aoc⇒b = c

证明: –

Given a o b = a o c, for every a, b, c ∈  G  
Operating on the left with a-1, where a-1 ∈ G we have 
      a-1 o (a o b) = a-1 o (a o c) 
or  (a-1 o a) o b = (a-1 o a) o c         [using associative property]
or   e o b = e o c,                       [using inverse property]
or      b = c,                            [using identity property]

请注意,aob也写为ab。

这被称为左抵消法。

属性2:
对于每个a∈G,eoa = a = aoe,其中e是恒等元素。即,左标识元素也是右标识元素。

证明: –

If a-1 be the left inverse of a, then 
              a-1 o (a o e) = (a-1 o a) o e           [using associative property]
 or         a-1 o (a o e) = e o e                     [using inverse property]
                                 = e                  [using identity property]
 or         a-1 o (a o e) = a-1 o a                   [using inverse property]
 i.e.        a-1 o (a o e) = a-1 o a  

因此,aoe = a by property-1,即左抵消定律。因此,我们发现e也是正确的标识元素,因此仅称为标识元素。

属性3:
对于每个a∈G,-1 oa = e = aoa -1,即元素的左逆也是其右逆。

证明: –

a-1 o (a o a-1) = (a-1 o a) o a-1    [using identity property]
      = e o a-1                                  [using inverse property]
      = a-1 o e                              [by property 2]
 i.e. a-1 o (a o a-1)= a-1 o e
Hence, a o a-1 = e, by left cancellation law. 

因此,我们发现元素a的左逆a -1也是其右逆,因此a -1仅被称为a的逆。

属性4:
如果a,b,c∈G,则是boa = coa⇒b = c      

证明: –

Given a o b = a o c, for every a, b, c ∈  G  
Operating on the left with a-1, where a-1 ∈ G we have
       (b o a) o a-1 =  (c o a) o a-1
or      b o (a-1 o a)  = c o (a-1 o a)           [using associative property]
or      b o e = c o e,                           [using inverse property]
or      b = c,                                   [using identity property]

这就是所谓的权利取消法。

属性5:
对于每个a,b∈G,我们有(aob) -1 = b -1 oa -1,即G组两个元素a,b的乘积(或复合物)的倒数是a的乘积(或复合物)。以相反顺序获取的两个元素的逆。

证明: –

Let a-1 and b-1 be the inverses of a and b. 
Now,(a o b) o (b-1 o a-1) = a o (b o b-1)  o a-1        [using  associative property]
= a o e o a-1                                  [using inverse property]
= a o a-1                                       [using identity property]
= e                                                [using inverse property]
(a o b) o (b-1 o a-1) = e
Similarly, (b-1 o a-1) o ( a o b)= e

因此,根据逆b -1的定义oa -1是ao bie(aob) -1 = b -1 oa -1的逆

这称为逆转规则。