按列对矩阵进行排序

给定维度为N * M的矩阵mat[][] ，任务是按升序对矩阵的每一列进行排序并打印更新后的矩阵。

例子：

Input: mat[][] = { {1, 6, 10}, {8, 5, 9}, {9, 4, 15}, {7, 3, 60} }
Output:
1 3 9
7 4 10
8 5 15
9 6 60
Explanation:
The input matrix is sorted in a column wise manner,  
1 < 7 < 8 < 9
3 < 4 < 5 < 6
9 < 10 < 15 < 60

Input: arr[][] = { {1, 6}, {8, 4}, {9, 7} }
Output:
1 4
8 6
9 7

处理方法：按照以下步骤解决问题：

• 遍历矩阵
• 找到给定矩阵mat[][]的转置。
• 将此mat[][] 的转置存储在 2D 向量tr[][] 中
• 遍历矩阵 tr[][] 的行
• 使用 sort函数对矩阵的每一行进行排序。
• 将tr[][]的转置存储在mat[][] 中
• 打印矩阵， mat[][]

下面是上述方法的实现：

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the transpose
// of the matrix mat[]
vector > transpose(
    vector > mat,
    int row, int col)
{
 
    // Stores the transpose
    // of matrix mat[][]
    vector > tr(
        col, vector(row));
 
    // Traverse each row of the matrix
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
 
        // Traverse each column of the matrix
        for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
 
            // Transpose matrix elements
            tr[j][i] = mat[i][j];
        }
    }
 
    return tr;
}
 
// Function to sort the given
// matrix in row wise manner
void RowWiseSort(vector >& B)
{
    // Traverse the row
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)B.size(); i++) {
 
        // Row - Wise Sorting
        sort(B[i].begin(), B[i].end());
    }
}
 
// Function to print the matrix
// in column wise sorted manner
void sortCol(vector > mat,
             int N, int M)
{
    // Function call to find transpose
    // of the the matrix mat[][]
    vector > B
        = transpose(mat, N, M);
 
    // Sorting the matrix row-wise
    RowWiseSort(B);
 
    // Calculate transpose of B[][]
    mat = transpose(B, M, N);
 
    // Print the matrix mat[][]
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < M; j++) {
 
            cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << '\n';
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Input
    vector > mat = { { 1, 6, 10 },
                                 { 8, 5, 9 },
                                 { 9, 4, 15 },
                                 { 7, 3, 60 } };
 
    int N = mat.size();
    int M = mat[0].size();
 
    // Function call to print the matrix
    // in column wise sorted manner
    sortCol(mat, N, M);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to find the transpose
// of the matrix mat[]
static int[][] transpose(int[][] mat, int row,
                         int col)
{
     
    // Stores the transpose
    // of matrix mat[][]
    int[][] tr = new int[col][row];
 
    // Traverse each row of the matrix
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
         
        // Traverse each column of the matrix
        for(int j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
             
            // Transpose matrix elements
            tr[j][i] = mat[i][j];
        }
    }
    return tr;
}
 
// Function to sort the given
// matrix in row wise manner
static void RowWiseSort(int[][] B)
{
     
    // Traverse the row
    for(int i = 0; i < (int)B.length; i++)
    {
         
        // Row - Wise Sorting
        Arrays.sort(B[i]);
    }
}
 
// Function to print the matrix
// in column wise sorted manner
static void sortCol(int[][] mat, int N, int M)
{
     
    // Function call to find transpose
    // of the the matrix mat[][]
    int[][] B = transpose(mat, N, M);
 
    // Sorting the matrix row-wise
    RowWiseSort(B);
 
    // Calculate transpose of B[][]
    mat = transpose(B, M, N);
 
    // Print the matrix mat[][]
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for(int j = 0; j < M; j++)
        {
            System.out.print(mat[i][j] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Input
    int[][] mat = { { 1, 6, 10 },
                    { 8, 5, 9 },
                    { 9, 4, 15 },
                    { 7, 3, 60 } };
 
    int N = mat.length;
    int M = mat[0].length;
 
    // Function call to print the matrix
    // in column wise sorted manner
    sortCol(mat, N, M);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ukasp

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to find the transpose
# of the matrix mat[]
def transpose(mat, row, col):
 
    # Stores the transpose
    # of matrix mat[][]
    tr = [[0 for i in range(row)] for i in range(col)]
 
    # Traverse each row of the matrix
    for i in range(row):
 
        # Traverse each column of the matrix
        for j in range(col):
 
            # Transpose matrix elements
            tr[j][i] = mat[i][j]
    return tr
 
# Function to sort the given
# matrix in row wise manner
def RowWiseSort(B):
   
    # Traverse the row
    for i in range(len(B)):
       
        # Row - Wise Sorting
        B[i] = sorted(B[i])
    return B
 
# Function to print the matrix
# in column wise sorted manner
def sortCol(mat, N, M):
   
    # Function call to find transpose
    # of the the matrix mat[][]
    B = transpose(mat, N, M)
 
    # Sorting the matrix row-wise
    B = RowWiseSort(B)
 
    # Calculate transpose of B[][]
    mat = transpose(B, M, N)
 
    # Print the matrix mat[][]
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(M):
            print(mat[i][j], end = " ")
        print()
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
   
    # Input
    mat =[ [1, 6, 10 ],
            [ 8, 5, 9 ],
            [ 9, 4, 15 ],
            [ 7, 3, 60 ] ]
 
    N = len(mat)
    M = len(mat[0])
 
    # Function call to print the matrix
    # in column wise sorted manner
    sortCol(mat, N, M)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29.

输出：

1 3 9 
7 4 10 
8 5 15 
9 6 60

时间复杂度： O(N * M)
辅助空间： O(N * M)

如果您想与行业专家一起参加直播课程，请参阅Geeks Classes Live