插入排序和选择排序的区别

在本文中，我们将讨论插入排序和选择排序之间的区别：

插入排序是一种简单的排序算法，其工作方式类似于您对手中的扑克牌进行排序的方式。该数组实际上分为已排序和未排序部分。未排序部分的值被拾取并放置在排序部分中的正确位置。

算法：
要按升序对大小为 n 的数组进行排序：

• 在数组上从 arr[1] 迭代到 arr[n]。
• 将当前元素(键)与其前一个元素进行比较。
• 如果关键元素小于其前身，则将其与之前的元素进行比较。将较大的元素向上移动一个位置，为交换的元素腾出空间。

下面是说明插入排序的图像：

以下是相同的程序：

C++

// C++ program for the insertion sort
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to sort an array using
// insertion sort
void insertionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        key = arr[i];
        j = i - 1;
 
        // Move elements of arr[0..i-1],
        // that are greater than key to
        // one position ahead of their
        // current position
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        arr[j + 1] = key;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array of size N
void printArray(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i;
 
    // Print the array
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function Call
    insertionSort(arr, N);
    printArray(arr, N);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
       
// Function to sort an array using
// insertion sort
static void insertionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
    {
        key = arr[i];
        j = i - 1;
 
        // Move elements of arr[0..i-1],
        // that are greater than key to
        // one position ahead of their
        // current position
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key)
        {
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        arr[j + 1] = key;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array of size N
static void printArray(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i;
 
    // Print the array
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
}
   
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 };
    int N = arr.length;
 
    // Function Call
    insertionSort(arr, N);
    printArray(arr, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by code_hunt.

Python3

# Python 3 program for the insertion sort
 
# Function to sort an array using
# insertion sort
def insertionSort(arr, n):
    i = 0
    key = 0
    j = 0
    for i in range(1,n,1):
        key = arr[i]
        j = i - 1
 
        # Move elements of arr[0..i-1],
        # that are greater than key to
        # one position ahead of their
        # current position
        while (j >= 0 and arr[j] > key):
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
            j = j - 1
        arr[j + 1] = key
 
# Function to print an array of size N
def printArray(arr, n):
    i = 0
 
    # Print the array
    for i in range(n):
        print(arr[i],end = " ")
    print("\n",end = "")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr =  [12, 11, 13, 5, 6]
    N =  len(arr)
 
    # Function Call
    insertionSort(arr, N)
    printArray(arr, N)
     
    # This code is contributed by bgangwar59.

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
class GFG
{
 
    // Function to sort an array using
    // insertion sort
    static void insertionSort(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        int i, key, j;
        for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
        {
            key = arr[i];
            j = i - 1;
 
            // Move elements of arr[0..i-1],
            // that are greater than key to
            // one position ahead of their
            // current position
            while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key)
            {
                arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
                j = j - 1;
            }
            arr[j + 1] = key;
        }
    }
 
    // Function to print an array of size N
    static void printArray(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        int i;
 
        // Print the array
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
 
    // Driver code
    static public void Main()
    {
        int[] arr = new int[] { 12, 11, 13, 5, 6 };
        int N = arr.Length;
 
        // Function Call
        insertionSort(arr, N);
        printArray(arr, N);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Dharanendra L V

Javascript

 
// JavaScript program for the above approach
 
// Function to sort an array using
// insertion sort
function insertionSort(arr,n)
{
    let i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
    {
        key = arr[i];
        j = i - 1;
  
        // Move elements of arr[0..i-1],
        // that are greater than key to
        // one position ahead of their
        // current position
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key)
        {
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        arr[j + 1] = key;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array of size N
function printArray(arr,n)
{
    let i;
  
    // Print the array
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        document.write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    document.write("<br>");
}
 
// Driver code
let arr=[12, 11, 13, 5, 6];
let N = arr.length;
 
// Function Call
insertionSort(arr, N);
printArray(arr, N);
 
 
 
// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
 

输出：

5 6 11 12 13

选择排序算法通过从未排序部分重复查找最小元素(考虑升序)并将其放在开头来对数组进行排序。该算法在给定数组中维护两个子数组。

• 子数组已经排序。
• 剩余的未排序的子数组。

在选择排序的每次迭代中，从未排序的子数组中选取最小元素(考虑升序)并将其移动到已排序的子数组。

以下是解释上述步骤的示例：

arr[] = 64 25 12 22 11

// Find the minimum element in arr[0...4]
// and place it at beginning
11 25 12 22 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[1...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[1...4]
11 12 25 22 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[2...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[2...4]
11 12 22 25 64

// Find the minimum element in arr[3...4]
// and place it at beginning of arr[3...4]
11 12 22 25 64 

以下是相同的程序：

C++

// C++ program for implementation of
// selection sort
#include 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to swap two number
void swap(int* xp, int* yp)
{
    int temp = *xp;
    *xp = *yp;
    *yp = temp;
}
 
// Function to implement the selection
// sort
void selectionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of
    // unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 
        // Find the minimum element
        // in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element
        // with the first element
        swap(&arr[min_idx], &arr[i]);
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array
void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 64, 25, 12, 22, 11 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Function Call
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    cout << "Sorted array: \n";
 
    // Print the array
    printArray(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for implementation of
// selection sort
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
 
// Function to implement the selection
// sort
static void selectionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of
    // unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
 
        // Find the minimum element
        // in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element
        // with the first element
        int temp = arr[min_idx];
        arr[min_idx]= arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array
static void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        System.out.print(arr[i]+ " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { 64, 25, 12, 22, 11 };
    int n = arr.length;
 
    // Function Call
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    System.out.print("Sorted array: \n");
 
    // Print the array
    printArray(arr, n);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by aashish1995

蟒蛇3

# Python3 program for implementation of
# selection sort
 
# Function to implement the selection
# sort
def selectionSort(arr, n):
 
    # One by one move boundary of
    # unsorted subarray
    for i in range(n - 1):
 
        # Find the minimum element
        # in unsorted array
        min_idx = i
        for j in range(i + 1, n):
            if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx]):
                min_idx = j
 
        # Swap the found minimum element
        # with the first element
        arr[min_idx], arr[i] = arr[i], arr[min_idx]
 
# Function to print an array
def printArray(arr, size):
 
    for i in range(size):
        print(arr[i], end = " ")
 
    print()
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    arr = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
    n = len(arr)
 
    # Function Call
    selectionSort(arr, n)
    print("Sorted array: ")
 
    # Print the array
    printArray(arr, n)
 
# This code is contributed by ukasp

C＃

// C# program for implementation of
// selection sort
using System;
public class GFG
{
 
// Function to implement the selection
// sort
static void selectionSort(int []arr, int n)
{
    int i, j, min_idx;
 
    // One by one move boundary of
    // unsorted subarray
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
 
        // Find the minimum element
        // in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
        for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                min_idx = j;
 
        // Swap the found minimum element
        // with the first element
        int temp = arr[min_idx];
        arr[min_idx]= arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array
static void printArray(int []arr, int size)
{
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        Console.Write(arr[i]+ " ");
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int []arr = { 64, 25, 12, 22, 11 };
    int n = arr.Length;
 
    // Function Call
    selectionSort(arr, n);
    Console.Write("Sorted array: \n");
 
    // Print the array
    printArray(arr, n);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by gauravrajput1

Javascript

 
// Javascript program for implementation of
// selection sort
 
// Function to implement the selection
// sort
function selectionSort(arr, n)
{
    let i, j, min_idx;
     
    // One by one move boundary of
    // unsorted subarray
    for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
         
        // Find the minimum element
        // in unsorted array
        min_idx = i;
         
        for(j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            if (arr[j] < arr[min_idx])
                min_idx = j;
  
        // Swap the found minimum element
        // with the first element
        let temp = arr[min_idx];
        arr[min_idx]= arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
    }
}
 
// Function to print an array
function printArray(arr, size)
{
    let i;
  
    for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        document.write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    document.write("<br>");
}
 
// Driver Code
let arr = [ 64, 25, 12, 22, 11 ];
let n = arr.length;
 
// Function Call
selectionSort(arr, n);
document.write("Sorted array: <br>");
 
// Print the array
printArray(arr, n);
 
// This code is contributed by rag2127
 

输出：

Sorted array: 
11 12 22 25 64

插入排序和选择排序的表格区别：

	Insertion Sort	Selection Sort
1.	Inserts the value in the presorted array to sort the set of values in the array.	Finds the minimum / maximum number from the list and sort it in ascending / descending order.
2.	It is a stable sorting algorithm.	It is an unstable sorting algorithm.
3.	The best-case time complexity is O(N) when the array is already in ascending order.	There is no best case the time complexity is O(N2) in all cases.
4.	The number of comparison operations performed in this sorting algorithm is less than the swapping performed.	The number of comparison operations performed in this sorting algorithm is more than the swapping performed.
5.	It is more efficient than the Selection sort.	It is less efficient than the Insertion sort.
6.	Here the element is known beforehand, and we search for the correct position to place them.	The location where to put the element is previously known we search for the element to insert at that position.

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