📜  单周期和多周期数据路径之间的差异

📅  最后修改于: 2021-09-12 11:13:45             🧑  作者: Mango

1. 单周期数据路径:
Single Datapaths 相当于原来的单周期 datapath 数据存储器只有一个地址输入。实际的内存操作可以通过 MemRead 和 MemWrite 控制信号来确定。指令和数据有单独的存储器。有 2 个用于基于 PC 的计算的加法器和一个 ALU。控制信号相同。

2. 多周期数据路径:
多周期数据路径将指令分解为单独的步骤。每一步都需要一个时钟周期 每个功能单元在一条指令中可以多次使用,只要在不同的时钟周期中使用即可。它减少了所需的硬件数量。它减少了平均指令时间。

单周期和多周期数据路径之间的差异:

S.No. Single Cycle Datapath Multiple Cycle Datapath
1 Instructions are not subdivided. Instructions are divided into artitoray number of steps.
2 Clock cycles are long enough for the lowest instruction. Clock cycles are short but long enough for the lowest instruction.
3 There are only 1 instruction that can be executed at the same time. There are only 1 instruction that can be executed at the same time.
4 There is 1 cycle per instruction, i, e., CPI = 1. There is a variable number of clock cycles per instructions.
5 Control unit generates signals for the entire instruction. Control unit generates signals for the instruction’s current step and keeps track of the current step.
6 There is duplicate hardware, because we can use a functional unit for at most one subtask per instruction. There is no duplicate hardware, because the instructions generally are broken into single FU steps.
7 Extra registers are not required. Extra registers are required to hold the result of one step for use in the next step.
8 Performance is baseline. Performance is slightly slower to mederaletly faster than single cycle, latter when the instructions steps are well balanced and a significantly fractions of the instructions take less than the maximum number of cycles.