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📜  区块链中工作量证明（PoW）和权益证明（PoS）的区别

📅  最后修改于: 2021-09-14 02:12:04             🧑  作者: Mango

1. 什么是工作量证明(PoW)?
“工作量证明”一词是由 Markus Jakobsson 和 Ari Juels 在 1999 年发表的一份文件中创造的。它与比特币有关。工作量证明 (PoW) 可能是一种协议，旨在形成安全的数字交易，而不必相信第三方。这项工作建立在以前的拼图解决方案的基础上。 PoW 可能是验证当前和过去交易的一种方式。解决难题的工作会为解决难题的人带来奖励，称之为挖矿。换句话说，这通常是一种算法，旨在验证交易并获取添加到区块链的新块。通过工作量证明，矿工们争先恐后地完成一个复杂的数学难题，这将生成这个新区块，这意味着他们将准备好收集一些新的比特币作为奖励。

  • PoW 降低了 51% 攻击的风险，因为它很难工作。
  • 基于Hashcash PoW系统，没有矿工能够单枪匹马地控制比特币网络。
  • 在提出新区块之前，矿工需要证明他们已经完成了一些工作。
  • 同时，每个解决方案都易于社区验证。这使得检查所有交易的可信度变得容易。
  • PoW 还限制了可以生成多少新数据块。例如，矿工每 10 分钟只能创建一个比特币 (BTC) 块。
  • 它不依赖于单个第三方交易者。这建立了一个“无信任”和透明的网络。
  • 垄断会随着时间的推移而增加。

2. 什么是权益证明(PoS)?
权益证明是一种共识算法，它根据您持有的硬币数量来决定谁验证下一个区块，而不是矿工像使用传统的工作量证明那样使用计算能力来验证交易来破解密码难题。

  • 验证新区块的概率取决于一个人的股份有多大。
  • 验证者不会收到区块奖励，而是收取网络费用作为奖励。
  • Peercoin 是第一个实现全面 PoS 共识模型的加密货币。
  • 处理垄断和功耗。

区块链中工作量证明(PoW)和权益证明(PoS)的区别：

S.No. Proof of Work (PoW) Proof of Stake (PoS)
1. The probability of mining a block is determined by how much computational work is done by miner. The probability of validating a new block is determined by how large of a stake a person holds (how many coins they possess).
2. A reward is given to first miner to solve cryptographic puzzle of each block. The validator donot receive a block reward instead they collect network fee as their reward.
3. To add each block to chain, miners must compete to solve difficult puzzles using their computer process power There is no competition as block creator is .chosen by an algorithm based on user stake.
4. Hackers would need to have 51% of computation power to add malicious block. Hackers would need to own 51% of all cryptocurrency on network, which is practically impossible.
5. Proof of work systems are less energy efficient and are less costly but more proven. Proof of Stake systems are much more cost and energy efficient than POW systems but less proven.
6. Specialized equipment to optimize processing power. Standard server grade unit is more than enough.
7. Initial investment to buy hardware. Initial investment to buy stake and build reputation.
8. Bitcoin is most well known crypto with a Proof-of-Work consensus building algorithm which uses most well known proof-of-work function is called SHA256. Some of cryptocurrencies that use different variants of proof-of-stake consensus are: EOS (EOS), Tezos (XTZ), Cardano (ADA), Cosmos (ATOM), Lisk (LSK).