HTML |地理位置

HTML5 中的地理位置用于与某些网站共享位置并了解确切位置。它主要用于本地企业、餐馆或在地图上显示位置。它使用 JavaScript 向后端服务器提供纬度和经度。大多数浏览器都支持 Geo-location API。 Geo-location API 使用全局导航器对象，可以按如下方式创建：

var loc = navigator.geolocation

例子：

html

var loc = navigator.geolocation;
function getLoc() {
       loc.getCurrentPosition(showLoc, errHand);
}

上面的函数也可以不用创建导航器对象来编写，如下所示：

html

function getlocation(){
        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showLoc, errHand);
}

使用 HTML 地理定位显示位置：以下代码通过 HTML 地理定位在纬度和经度的帮助下显示当前位置。

html

    
        Latitude and longitude
        
            .gfg {
                font-size:40px;
                font-weight:bold;
                color:#009900;
                margin-left:50px;
            }
            .geeks {
                margin-left:150px;
            }
            p {
                font-size:20px;
                margin-left:20px;
            }
        
    
     
    
        GeeksforGeeks
         
 
Displaying location using Latitude and Longitude
 
 
        Click
        
 
 
        
        var variable1 = document.getElementById("demo1");
        function getlocation(){
                navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showLoc);
        }
        function showLoc(pos){
                variable1.innerHTML = "Latitude: " + pos.coords.latitude +
                "<br>Longitude: " + pos.coords.longitude;
            }
        
    
                   

输出：

错误和拒绝处理：处理 Geolocation 中生成的错误并在发生错误时显示所需消息非常重要。像getCurrentPosition()这样的函数使用错误处理程序来处理生成的错误（上面示例中使用的函数errHand）。错误处理程序使用的 PositionError 对象有两个属性，可以让函数有效地处理错误：

• 代码
• 信息

在地理定位中产生的错误：

Error	Error Description
UNKNOWN_ERRROR	An unknown error
PERMISSION_DENIED	The application doesn’t have the permission to make use of location services
POSITION_UNAVAILABLE	The location of the device is uncertain
TIMEOUT	Time to fetch location information exceeded the maximum timeout interval

例子：

html

    
        Errors in geolocation
        
            .gfg {
                font-size:40px;
                font-weight:bold;
                color:#009900;
                margin-left:20px;
            }
            .geeks {
                margin-left:150px;
            }
            p {
                font-size:20px;
                margin-left:20px;
            }
        
    
    
        GeeksforGeeks
         
 
Error handling in geolocation
 
 
        Click
        
 
 
        
        var variable1 = document.getElementById("demo1");
        function getlocation(){
                navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showLoc, errHand);
        }
        function showLoc(pos){
                variable1.innerHTML = "Latitude: " + pos.coords.latitude +
                "<br>Longitude: " + pos.coords.longitude;
            }
         
        function errHand(err) {
            switch(err.code) {
                case err.PERMISSION_DENIED:
                    variable1.innerHTML = "The application doesn't have the"+
                    "permission to make use of location services"
                    break;
                case err.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE:
                    variable1.innerHTML = "The location of the device is uncertain"
                    break;
                case err.TIMEOUT:
                    variable1.innerHTML = "The request to get user location timed out"
                    break;
                case err.UNKNOWN_ERROR:
                    variable1.innerHTML = "Time to fetch location information exceeded" +
                    "the maximum timeout interval"
                    break;
            }
        }
        
    
                          

输出：

在地图中显示结果：在地图中显示位置是一项非常有趣的任务。此服务用于提供地图中的确切位置。
例子：

html

    
        Display location in map
        
            .gfg {
                font-size:40px;
                font-weight:bold;
                color:#009900;
                margin-left:20px;
            }
            .geeks {
                margin-left:150px;
            }
            p {
                font-size:20px;
                margin-left:20px;
            }
        
    
    
        GeeksforGeeks
         
 
Display location in map
 
 
        
            Current Position
        
             
        
        
             
        
        
        function getlocation(){
            if(navigator.geolocation){
                navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showLoc, errHand);
            }
        }
        function showLoc(pos){
            latt = pos.coords.latitude;
            long = pos.coords.longitude;
            var lattlong = new google.maps.LatLng(latt, long);
            var OPTions = {
                center: lattlong,
                zoom: 10,
                mapTypeControl: true,
                navigationControlOptions: {style:google.maps.NavigationControlStyle.SMALL}
            }
            var mapg = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("demo2"), OPTions);
            var markerg =
               new google.maps.Marker({position:lattlong, map:mapg, title:"You are here!"});
        }
         
        function errHand(err) {
            switch(err.code) {
                case err.PERMISSION_DENIED:
                    result.innerHTML = "The application doesn't have the permission"  +
                               "to make use of location services"
                    break;
                case err.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE:
                    result.innerHTML = "The location of the device is uncertain"
                    break;
                case err.TIMEOUT:
                    result.innerHTML = "The request to get user location timed out"
                    break;
                case err.UNKNOWN_ERROR:
                    result.innerHTML = "Time to fetch location information exceeded"+
                      "the maximum timeout interval"
                    break;
            }
        }
        
    
                       

输出：

位置属性：下表确定了getCurrentPosition() 中使用的属性及其返回值。

Properties	Return Value
coords.latitude	Always returns latitude as a decimal number
coords.accuracy	Always returns accuracy of position
coords.longitude	Always returns longitude as a decimal number
coords.altitude	Returns the altitude in meters above sea level if available
coords.altitudeAccuracy	Returns altitude accuracy of position if available
coords.heading	Returns heading in degree clockwise from North if available
coords.speed	Returns speed in mps if available
timestamp	Returns date or time of response if available

地理定位方法：地理定位具有以下方法，使其变得有趣且易于工作。

Method	Description
getCurrentPosition()	fetches the current location of the user
watchPosition()	fetches periodic updates of user’s current location
clearWatch()	cancels a watchPosition call currently in execution

支持的浏览器：

• 谷歌浏览器
• 微软边缘
• 火狐
• 歌剧
• 苹果浏览器