📜  使用 HTML 和 CSS 设计类似技术文档的网页

📅  最后修改于: 2021-11-08 06:21:27             🧑  作者: Mango

简介 –技术文档是解释相应产品功能的任何文档。在这个项目中,我们将使用 HTML 和 CSS 创建 C++ 的技术文档。该网页有一个菜单部分,可帮助导航到网页的不同部分。

方法 –我们将整个网页分为两个部分。左侧有一个名为“文档菜单”的菜单,其中包含导航栏中列出的所有主题。它包含锚标签,这些标签链接到所有部分的 ID(如继承、多态等)。在右侧,我们对每个主题都有描述。这背后的想法是,一旦用户单击左侧部分中的主题之一,相应的主题详细信息将加载右侧的内容。在 CSS 文件中,我们只是美化文本,如对齐、填充边距等。

执行 –

HTML Code


  

    

  

    
                    
            
                
                    What is C++?                 
                

                    C++ is a general purpose programming                     language and widely used now a days '                     for competitive programming. It has                     imperative, object-oriented and generic                     programming features. C++ runs on lots of                     platform like Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac etc.                     C++ is an efficient                     and powerful language and finds wide use                     in various GUI platforms, 3D graphics and                     real-time simulations. Because of the                     inclusion of rich function libraries,                     working in C++ becomes simpler and                     convenient than C. Being object-oriented                     programming like Java, C++ provides                     the support of inheritance, polymorphism,                     encapsulation, etc. Unlike C, C++ allows                     exception handling and function overloading.                 

                

he “Hello World” program is the first                     step towards learning any programming                     language and also one of the simplest                     programs you will learn. All you have                     to do is display the message “Hello World”                     on the screen.                     

Let us now look at the program :
                

                                     #include                       
                    using namespace std;                       
                    int main()                      
                        {                              
                            cout〈〈"Hello World";                              
                            return 0;                              
                        }                  
                
                

C++ is an Object Oriented Programming Language.                     
The main pillars of Object Oriented                     Programming are :                 

                
                        
  • Objects and Classes
  •                     
  • Inheritance
  •                     
  • Polymorphism
  •                     
  • Abstraction
  •                     
  • Encapsulation
  •                 
            
               
                
                    Objects and Classes                 
                

                    Object-oriented programming – As the name                     suggests uses objects in programming.                     Object-oriented programming aims to                     implement real-world entities like                     inheritance, hiding, polymorphism,                     etc in programming. The main                     aim of OOP is to bind together the data                     and the functions that operate on them                     so that no other part of the code can                     access this data except that function.                 

                

Object : An Object is an identifiable                     entity with some characteristics and behavior.                     An Object is an instance of a Class. When a                     class is defined, no memory is allocated but                     when it is instantiated (i.e. an                     object is created) memory is allocated.                     
                    Class : The building block of C++ that                     leads to Object-Oriented programming is a Class.                     It is a user-defined data type, which holds its                     own data members and member functions, which can                     be accessed & used by creating an instance                     of that class. A class is like a blueprint for                     an object. For Example: Consider the Class                     of Cars. There may be many cars with different                     names and brand but all of them will share                     some common properties like all of them will                     have 4 wheels, Speed Limit, Mileage range etc.                     So here, Car is the class and wheels,                     speed limits, mileage are their properties.                 

            
               
                
                    Inheritance                 
                

                    The capability of a class to derive                     properties and characteristics from                     another class is called Inheritance.                     Inheritance is one of the most important                     feature of Object Oriented Programming.                     Sub Class: The class that inherits                     properties from another class                     is called Sub class or Derived Class.                     Super Class: The class whose properties                     are inherited by sub class is called Base                     Class or Super class. Using inheritance, we                     have to write the functions only one time                     instead of three times as we                     have inherited rest of the three classes                     from base class(Vehicle).                 

                

                      Mode of Inheritance :

                       Public Mode : If we derive a sub                     class from a public base class. Then the                     public member of the base class will                     become public in the derived class and                     protected members of the base class                     will become protected in derived class.                     

                    Protected Mode : If we derive a                     sub class from a Protected base class.                     Then both public member and protected                     members of the base class will become                     protected in derived class.                     

                    Private Mode : If we derive a                     sub class from a Private base class.                     Then both public member and protected                     members of the base class will become                     Private in derived class.                     

                    Types of Inheritance in C++ :                     


                    Single Inheritance : In single                     inheritance, a class is allowed to inherit                     from only one class. i.e. one sub class                     is inherited by one base class only.                     

                    Multiple Inheritance : Multiple                     Inheritance is a feature of C++ where a                     class can inherit from more than one                     classes. i.e one sub class is inherited                     from more than one base classes.                     

                    Multilevel Inheritance : In this                     type of inheritance, a derived class is                     created from another derived class.                     

                    Hieratical Inheritance : In this                     type of inheritance, more than one sub                     class is inherited from a single base                     class i.e. more than one derived class                     is created from a single base class.                     

                    Hybrid (Virtual) Inheritance :                     Hybrid Inheritance is implemented by                     combining more than one type of                     inheritance.                     For example: Combining Hierarchical                     inheritance and Multiple Inheritance.                 

            
               
                
                    Polymorphism                 
                

                    The word polymorphism means having many                     forms. In simple words, we can define                     polymorphism as the ability of a message                     to be displayed in more than one form.                     A real-life example of polymorphism, a                     person at the same time can have                     different characteristics.                     Like a man at the same time is a father,                     a husband, an employee. So the same                     person posses different behavior in                     different situations. This is called                     polymorphism. Polymorphism is considered                     as one of the important features of Object                     Oriented Programming.                     
                    In C++ polymorphism is mainly                         divided into two types:                     
1. Compile time Polymorphism
                    2. Runtime Polymorphism                 

                   

Compile time polymorphism: This type of                     polymorphism is achieved by function                     overloading or operator overloading.                     
Runtime polymorphism: This type                     of polymorphism is achieved by                     Function Overriding.                 

            
               
                
                    Abstraction                 
                   

                    Data abstraction is one of the most                     essential and important feature of object                     oriented programming in C++. Abstraction                     means displaying only essential information                     and hiding the details. Data abstraction                     refers to providing only essential information                     about the data to the outside world,                     hiding the background details or implementation.                     
Consider a real life example of a man driving                     a car. The man only knows that pressing the                     accelerators will increase the speed of car                     or applying brakes will stop the car but he                     does not know about how on pressing accelerator                     the speed is actually increasing, he does                     not know about the inner mechanism of the car                     or the implementation of accelerator, brakes                     etc in the car. This is what abstraction is.                 

                   

                    Abstraction using Classes: We can                     implement Abstraction in C++ using classes.                     Class helps us to group data members and member                     functions using available access specifiers. A                     Class can decide which data member will be                     visible to outside                     world and which is not.                     
                    Abstraction in Header files: One                     more type of abstraction in C++ can be                     header files. For example, consider the                     pow() method present in math.h header file.                     Whenever we need to calculate power of a                     number, we simply call the                     function pow() present in the math.h header                     file and pass the numbers as arguments                     without knowing the underlying algorithm                     according to which the function is actually                     calculating power of numbers.                     

Advantages of Data Abstraction:                        
1. Helps the user to avoid writing                     the low level code.
2. Avoids code                     duplication and increases reusability.
                    3. Can change internal implementation of                     class independently without                     affecting the user.
4. Helps to                     increase security of an application or program                     as only important details are                     provided to the user.                 

            
               
                
                    Encapsulation                 
                

                    In normal terms Encapsulation is defined                     as wrapping up of data and information                     under a single unit. In Object Oriented                     Programming, Encapsulation is defined as                     binding together the data and the functions                     that manipulates them. Consider                     a real life example                     of encapsulation, in a company there are                     different sections like the accounts section,                     finance section, sales section etc. The finance                     section handles all the financial transactions                     and keep records of all the data related to                     finance.                     Similarly the sales section handles all the                     sales related activities and keep records of                     all the sales. Now there may arise a situation                     when for some reason an official from finance                     section needs all the data about sales in a                     particular                     month. In this case, he is not allowed to                     directly access the data of sales section.                     He will first have to contact some other                     officer in the sales section and then                     request him to                     give the particular data. This is what                     encapsulation is. Here the data of                     sales section and the                     employees that can manipulate them are                     wrapped under a single name “sales section”.                 

                   

                    Encapsulation also lead to data abstraction                     or hiding. As using encapsulation also hides                     the data. In the above example the data of                     any of the section like sales, finance or                     accounts is hidden from any other section.
                    In C++ encapsulation                     can be implemented using Class                     and access modifiers.                 

            
        
    
  


CSS Code
div.main-body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px , auto)1fr;   
    grid-template-areas: "navbar mainContent";
    grid-gap: 20px;
}
   
nav#navbar {
    grid-area: navbar;
    position: fixed;   
}
   
nav#navbar a {
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid black;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: 10px 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: black;
}
   
main#main-doc {
    grid-area: mainContent;
}
   
header {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
}
   
code {
    background-color: #CCC;
    display: block;
    padding: 20px;
}


CSS 代码

div.main-body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px , auto)1fr;   
    grid-template-areas: "navbar mainContent";
    grid-gap: 20px;
}
   
nav#navbar {
    grid-area: navbar;
    position: fixed;   
}
   
nav#navbar a {
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid black;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: 10px 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: black;
}
   
main#main-doc {
    grid-area: mainContent;
}
   
header {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
}
   
code {
    background-color: #CCC;
    display: block;
    padding: 20px;
}

输出: