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📜  Python SQLite-排序依据

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-06 05:56:49             🧑  作者: Mango

使用SELECT查询获取数据时，您将以插入记录的顺序获得记录。

您可以使用Order By子句按所需顺序(升序或降序)对结果进行排序。默认情况下，此子句将结果按升序排序，如果需要按降序排列它们，则需要显式使用“ DESC”。

句法

以下是SQLite中ORDER BY子句的语法。

SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

例

假设我们使用以下查询创建了一个名为CRICKETERS的表-

sqlite> CREATE TABLE CRICKETERS (
   First_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Last_Name VARCHAR(255),
   Age int,
   Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255),
   Country VARCHAR(255)
);
sqlite>

如果我们使用INSERT语句将5条记录插入其中-

sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 33, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Jonathan', 'Trott', 38, 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Kumara', 'Sangakkara', 41, 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Virat', 'Kohli', 30, 'Delhi', 'India');
sqlite> insert into CRICKETERS values('Rohit', 'Sharma', 32, 'Nagpur', 'India');
sqlite>

以下SELECT语句按年龄的升序检索CRICKETERS表的行-

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE;
First_Name   Last_Name    Age    Place_Of_B   Country
----------   ----------   ----   ----------   -----------
Virat        Kohli        30     Delhi        India
Rohit        Sharma       32     Nagpur       India
Shikhar      Dhawan       33     Delhi        India
Jonathan     Trott        38     CapeTown     SouthAfrica
Kumara       Sangakkara   41     Matale       Srilanka
sqlite>

您可以使用多个列来对表的记录进行排序。以下SELECT语句根据AGE和FIRST_NAME列对CRICKETERS表的记录进行排序。

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE, FIRST_NAME;
First_Name   Last_Name    Age    Place_Of_B   Country
----------   ----------   ----   ----------   -------------
Virat        Kohli        30     Delhi        India
Rohit        Sharma       32     Nagpur       India
Shikhar      Dhawan       33     Delhi        India
Jonathan     Trott        38     CapeTown     SouthAfrica
Kumara       Sangakkara   41     Matale       Srilanka
sqlite>

默认情况下， ORDER BY子句将表的记录按升序排序，您可以使用DESC将结果按降序排列-

sqlite> SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS ORDER BY AGE DESC;
First_Name   Last_Name    Age    Place_Of_B   Country
----------   ----------   ----   ----------   -------------
Kumara       Sangakkara   41     Matale       Srilanka
Jonathan     Trott        38     CapeTown     SouthAfrica
Shikhar      Dhawan       33     Delhi        India
Rohit        Sharma       32     Nagpur       India
Virat        Kohli        30     Delhi        India
sqlite>

使用Python的ORDER BY子句

要按特定顺序检索表的内容，请在游标对象上调用execute()方法，并将SELECT语句与ORDER BY子句一起作为参数传递给它。

例

在下面的示例中，我们将创建一个具有名称和Employee的表，填充该表，然后使用ORDER BY子句按其年龄的(升序)顺序检索其记录。

import psycopg2
#establishing the connection
conn = psycopg2.connect(
   database="mydb", user='postgres', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', port= '5432'
)

#Setting auto commit false
conn.autocommit = True

#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()

#Doping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
#Creating a table
sql = '''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
   FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
   AGE INT, SEX CHAR(1),
   INCOME INT,
   CONTACT INT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)
#Populating the table
#Populating the table
cursor.execute(
   '''INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME) 
   VALUES ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000),
   ('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000), 
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300), 
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000)''')
conn.commit()

#Retrieving specific records using the ORDER BY clause
cursor.execute("SELECT * from EMPLOYEE ORDER BY AGE")

print(cursor.fetchall())

#Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()

#Closing the connection
conn.close()

输出

[
   ('Vinay', 'Battacharya', 20, 'M', 6000, None),
   ('Tripthi', 'Mishra', 24, 'F', 6000, None),
   ('Sharukh', 'Sheik', 25, 'M', 8300, None),
   ('Sarmista', 'Sharma', 26, 'F', 10000, None),
   ('Ramya', 'Rama priya', 27, 'F', 9000, None)
]