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📜  Python PostgreSQL-Where子句

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-07 07:54:37             🧑  作者: Mango

在执行SELECT，UPDATE或DELETE操作时，您可以使用WHERE子句指定条件以过滤记录。将在满足给定条件的记录上执行该操作。

句法

以下是PostgreSQL中WHERE子句的语法-

SELECT column1, column2, columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE [search_condition]

您可以使用比较或逻辑运算符指定search_condition。例如>，<，=，LIKE，NOT等。以下示例将使这个概念更清楚。

例

假设我们使用以下查询创建了一个名为CRICKETERS的表-

postgres=# CREATE TABLE CRICKETERS (
   First_Name VARCHAR(255), Last_Name VARCHAR(255), Age int, 
   Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255), Country VARCHAR(255)
);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=#

如果我们使用INSERT语句将5条记录插入其中-

postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 33, 'Delhi', 'India');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Jonathan', 'Trott', 38, 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Kumara', 'Sangakkara', 41, 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Virat', 'Kohli', 30, 'Delhi', 'India');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Rohit', 'Sharma', 32, 'Nagpur', 'India');
INSERT 0 1

以下SELECT语句检索年龄大于35的记录-

postgres=# SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS WHERE AGE > 35;
 first_name | last_name  | age | place_of_birth | country
------------+------------+-----+----------------+-------------
Jonathan    | Trott      | 38  | CapeTown       | SouthAfrica
Kumara      | Sangakkara | 41  | Matale         | Srilanka
(2 rows)

postgres=#

使用Python的子句

要使用Python程序从表中获取特定记录，请通过WHERE子句执行SELECT语句，方法是将其作为参数传递给execute()方法。

例

以下Python示例演示了使用Python的WHERE命令的用法。

import psycopg2
#establishing the connection
conn = psycopg2.connect(
   database="mydb", user='postgres', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', port= '5432'
)

#Setting auto commit false
conn.autocommit = True

#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()

#Doping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
sql = '''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
   FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
   AGE INT,
   SEX CHAR(1),
   INCOME FLOAT)'''
cursor.execute(sql)

#Populating the table
insert_stmt = "INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE 
   (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
data = [('Krishna', 'Sharma', 19, 'M', 2000), ('Raj', 'Kandukuri', 20, 'M', 7000),
   ('Ramya', 'Ramapriya', 25, 'M', 5000),('Mac', 'Mohan', 26, 'M', 2000)]
cursor.executemany(insert_stmt, data)

#Retrieving specific records using the where clause
cursor.execute("SELECT * from EMPLOYEE WHERE AGE <23")
print(cursor.fetchall())

#Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()

#Closing the connection
conn.close()

输出

[('Krishna', 'Sharma', 19, 'M', 2000.0), ('Raj', 'Kandukuri', 20, 'M', 7000.0)]