Python中的 Matplotlib.patches.PathPatch

Matplotlib是Python中用于数组二维图的惊人可视化库。 Matplotlib 是一个基于 NumPy 数组构建的多平台数据可视化库，旨在与更广泛的 SciPy 堆栈配合使用。

matplotlib.patches.PathPatch

matplotlib.patches.PathPatch类用于绘制一般多曲线路径补丁。

Syntax: class matplotlib.patches.PathPatch(path, **kwargs)

Parameter:

• path: path is a matplotlib.path.Path object.

下表给出了有效的 kwargs 参数列表：

PROPERTY	DESCRIPTION
agg_filter	a filter function that takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value that returns a (m, n, 3) array
alpha	float or None
animated	bool
antialiased or aa	unknown
capstyle	{‘butt’, ’round’, ‘projecting’}
clip_box	Bbox
clip_on	bool
clip_path	[(Path, Transform)|Patch|None]
color	color or sequence of rgba tuples
contains	callable
edgecolor or ec or edgecolors	color or None or ‘auto’
facecolor or fc or facecolors	color or None
figure	figure
fill	bool
gid	str
hatch	{‘/’, ‘\’, ‘|’, ‘-‘, ‘+’, ‘x’, ‘o’, ‘O’, ‘.’, ‘*’}
in_layout	bool
joinstyle	{‘miter’, ’round’, ‘bevel’}
linestyle or ls	{‘-‘, ‘–‘, ‘-.’, ‘:’, ”, (offset, on-off-seq), …}
linewidth or linewidths or lw	float or None
path_effects	AbstractPathEffect
picker	None or bool or float or callable
path_effects	AbstractPathEffect
picker	float or callable[[Artist, Event], Tuple[bool, dict]]
rasterized	bool or None
sketch_params	(scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
snap	bool or None
transform	matplotlib.transforms.Transform
url	str
visible	bool
zorder	float

示例 1：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
  
  
delta = 0.025
x = y = np.arange(-3.0, 3.0, delta)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z1 = np.exp(-X**2 - Y**2)
Z2 = np.exp(-(X - 1)**2 - (Y - 1)**2)
Z = (Z1 - Z2) * 2
  
path = Path([[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0], [0, 1]])
patch = PathPatch(path, facecolor ='none')
  
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.add_patch(patch)
  
im = ax.imshow(Z, interpolation ='bilinear', cmap = cm.gray,
               origin ='lower', extent =[-3, 3, -3, 3],
               clip_path = patch, clip_on = True)
im.set_clip_path(patch)
  
plt.show()

输出：

示例 2：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
  
  
fig = plt.figure() 
  
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect ='equal') 
path = Path([[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [0, 0]])
patch = PathPatch(path, facecolor ='none')
ax.add_patch(patch) 
  
Z, Z2 = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(0, 1), np.linspace(0, 1))
  
im = plt.imshow(Z-Z2, 
                interpolation ='bilinear', 
                cmap = plt.cm.RdYlGn,
                origin ='lower',
                extent =[0, 1, 0, 1],
                clip_path = patch,
                clip_on = True)
  
im.set_clip_path(patch)
  
ax.set_xlim((0, 1)) 
ax.set_ylim((0, 1)) 
  
plt.show()

输出：