📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-29 07:46:42             🧑  作者: Mango
R包是R函数,编译后的代码和示例数据的集合。它们存储在R环境中的一个名为“库”的目录下。默认情况下,R在安装过程中安装一组软件包。当出于某些特定目的需要它们时,会在以后添加更多软件包。当我们启动R控制台时,默认情况下仅默认软件包可用。已安装的其他软件包必须显式加载,以供将要使用它们的R程序使用。
以下是用于检查,验证和使用R软件包的命令列表。
获取包含R包的库位置
.libPaths()
当我们执行上面的代码时,它产生以下结果。它可能会因计算机的本地设置而异。
[2] "C:/Program Files/R/R-3.2.2/library"
library()
当我们执行上面的代码时,它产生以下结果。它可能会因计算机的本地设置而异。
Packages in library ‘C:/Program Files/R/R-3.2.2/library’:
base The R Base Package
boot Bootstrap Functions (Originally by Angelo Canty
for S)
class Functions for Classification
cluster "Finding Groups in Data": Cluster Analysis
Extended Rousseeuw et al.
codetools Code Analysis Tools for R
compiler The R Compiler Package
datasets The R Datasets Package
foreign Read Data Stored by 'Minitab', 'S', 'SAS',
'SPSS', 'Stata', 'Systat', 'Weka', 'dBase', ...
graphics The R Graphics Package
grDevices The R Graphics Devices and Support for Colours
and Fonts
grid The Grid Graphics Package
KernSmooth Functions for Kernel Smoothing Supporting Wand
& Jones (1995)
lattice Trellis Graphics for R
MASS Support Functions and Datasets for Venables and
Ripley's MASS
Matrix Sparse and Dense Matrix Classes and Methods
methods Formal Methods and Classes
mgcv Mixed GAM Computation Vehicle with GCV/AIC/REML
Smoothness Estimation
nlme Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models
nnet Feed-Forward Neural Networks and Multinomial
Log-Linear Models
parallel Support for Parallel computation in R
rpart Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees
spatial Functions for Kriging and Point Pattern
Analysis
splines Regression Spline Functions and Classes
stats The R Stats Package
stats4 Statistical Functions using S4 Classes
survival Survival Analysis
tcltk Tcl/Tk Interface
tools Tools for Package Development
utils The R Utils Package
获取当前在R环境中加载的所有软件包
search()
当我们执行上面的代码时,它产生以下结果。它可能会因计算机的本地设置而异。
[1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:stats" "package:graphics"
[4] "package:grDevices" "package:utils" "package:datasets"
[7] "package:methods" "Autoloads" "package:base"
有两种添加新R包的方法。一种是直接从CRAN目录安装,另一种是将软件包下载到本地系统并手动安装。
以下命令直接从CRAN网页获取软件包并将其安装在R环境中。可能会提示您选择最近的镜子。选择适合您所在位置的一种。
install.packages("Package Name")
# Install the package named "XML".
install.packages("XML")
转到链接R Packages以下载所需的软件包。将程序包另存为.zip文件在本地系统中的适当位置。
现在,您可以运行以下命令在R环境中安装此软件包。
install.packages(file_name_with_path, repos = NULL, type = "source")
# Install the package named "XML"
install.packages("E:/XML_3.98-1.3.zip", repos = NULL, type = "source")
必须先将程序包加载到当前的R环境中,然后才能在代码中使用该程序包。您还需要加载以前已经安装但在当前环境中不可用的软件包。
使用以下命令加载软件包-
library("package Name", lib.loc = "path to library")
# Load the package named "XML"
install.packages("E:/XML_3.98-1.3.zip", repos = NULL, type = "source")