📅  最后修改于: 2020-12-14 05:57:48             🧑  作者: Mango
电子邮件协议是一组规则,可以帮助客户端正确地向邮件服务器或从邮件服务器传输信息。在本教程的此处,我们将讨论各种协议,例如SMTP,POP和IMAP。
SMTP代表简单邮件传输协议。它最初于1982年提出。它是用于在Internet上高效可靠地发送电子邮件的标准协议。
关键点:
SMTP是应用程序级别的协议。
SMTP是面向连接的协议。
SMTP是基于文本的协议。
它处理通过TCP / IP网络在电子邮件服务器之间交换消息。
除了传输电子邮件,SMPT还提供有关传入邮件的通知。
当您发送电子邮件时,您的电子邮件客户端会将其发送到您的电子邮件服务器,该服务器进一步使用SMTP客户端与收件人邮件服务器联系。
这些SMTP命令指定发件人和收件人的电子邮件地址,以及要发送的消息。
服务器之间的命令交换是在没有任何用户干预的情况下进行的。
如果无法传递邮件,则会将错误报告发送给发件人,这使SMTP成为可靠的协议。
下表描述了一些SMTP命令:
S.N. | Command Description |
---|---|
1 | HELLO This command initiates the SMTP conversation. |
2 | EHELLO This is an alternative command to initiate the conversation. ESMTP indicates that the sender server wants to use extended SMTP protocol. |
3 | MAIL FROM This indicates the sender’s address. |
4 | RCPT TO It identifies the recipient of the mail. In order to deliver similar message to multiple users this command can be repeated multiple times. |
5 | SIZE This command let the server know the size of attached message in bytes. |
6 | DATA The DATA command signifies that a stream of data will follow. Here stream of data refers to the body of the message. |
7 | QUIT This commands is used to terminate the SMTP connection. |
8 | VERFY This command is used by the receiving server in order to verify whether the given username is valid or not. |
9 | EXPN It is same as VRFY, except it will list all the users name when it used with a distribution list. |
IMAP代表Internet消息访问协议。它是1986年首次提出的。IMAP有五个版本,如下所示:
原始IMAP
IMAP2
IMAP3
IMAP2bis
IMAP4
关键点:
IMAP允许客户端程序在服务器上处理电子邮件,而无需在本地计算机上下载它们。
该电子邮件由远程服务器保留和维护。
它使我们能够执行任何操作,例如下载,删除邮件而不阅读邮件。它使我们能够创建,操作和删除称为邮箱的远程消息文件夹。
IMAP使用户可以搜索电子邮件。
它允许并发访问多个邮件服务器上的多个邮箱。
下表描述了一些IMAP命令:
S.N. | Command Description |
---|---|
1 | IMAP_LOGIN This command opens the connection. |
2 | CAPABILITY This command requests for listing the capabilities that the server supports. |
3 | NOOP This command is used as a periodic poll for new messages or message status updates during a period of inactivity. |
4 | SELECT This command helps to select a mailbox to access the messages. |
5 | EXAMINE It is same as SELECT command except no change to the mailbox is permitted. |
6 | CREATE It is used to create mailbox with a specified name. |
7 | DELETE It is used to permanently delete a mailbox with a given name. |
8 | RENAME It is used to change the name of a mailbox. |
9 | LOGOUT This command informs the server that client is done with the session. The server must send BYE untagged response before the OK response and then close the network connection. |
POP代表邮局协议。它通常用于支持单个客户端。 POP有多种版本,但POP 3是当前标准。
关键点
POP是应用程序层互联网标准协议。
由于POP支持脱机访问邮件,因此需要较少的Internet使用时间。
POP不允许搜索功能。
为了访问消息,有必要下载它们。
它仅允许在服务器上创建一个邮箱。
它不适用于访问非邮件数据。
POP命令通常缩写为三个或四个字母的代码。例如。 STAT。
下表描述了一些POP命令:
S.N. | Command Description |
---|---|
1 | LOGIN This command opens the connection. |
2 | STAT It is used to display number of messages currently in the mailbox. |
3 | LIST It is used to get the summary of messages where each message summary is shown. |
4 | RETR This command helps to select a mailbox to access the messages. |
5 | DELE It is used to delete a message. |
6 | RSET It is used to reset the session to its initial state. |
7 | QUIT It is used to log off the session. |
S.N. | POP | IMAP |
---|---|---|
1 | Generally used to support single client. | Designed to handle multiple clients. |
2 | Messages are accessed offline. | Messages are accessed online although it also supports offline mode. |
3 | POP does not allow search facility. | It offers ability to search emails. |
4 | All the messages have to be downloaded. | It allows selective transfer of messages to the client. |
5 | Only one mailbox can be created on the server. | Multiple mailboxes can be created on the server. |
6 | Not suitable for accessing non-mail data. | Suitable for accessing non-mail data i.e. attachment. |
7 | POP commands are generally abbreviated into codes of three or four letters. Eg. STAT. | IMAP commands are not abbreviated, they are full. Eg. STATUS. |
8 | It requires minimum use of server resources. | Clients are totally dependent on server. |
9 | Mails once downloaded cannot be accessed from some other location. | Allows mails to be accessed from multiple locations. |
10 | The e-mails are not downloaded automatically. | Users can view the headings and sender of e-mails and then decide to download. |
10 | POP requires less internet usage time. | IMAP requires more internet usage time. |